Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Overview -- 1.2 Organization of the report -- 1.3 Main findings -- 1.3.1 Global trends (Chapter 2) -- 1.3.2 Trends in advanced economies (Chapter 2) -- 1.3.3 Trends in developing regions (Chapter 2) -- 1.3.4 The skills mismatch challenge (Chapter 3) -- 1.3.5 School-to-work transition surveys (Chapters 4 and 5) -- 1.3.6 Policies to promote decent work for youth (Chapter 6) -- 2. Global youth employment crisis worsening -- 2.1 Youth labour markets in advanced economies -- 2.1.1 Quality of youth employment -- 2.2 Youth labour markets in developing regions -- 2.2.1 South Asia -- 2.2.2 East Asia -- 2.2.3 South-East Asia and the Pacific -- 2.2.4 Central and South-Eastern Europe (non-EU) and CIS -- 2.2.5 Latin America and the Caribbean -- 2.2.6 Middle East -- 2.2.7 North Africa -- 2.2.8 Sub-Saharan Africa -- 3. Youth unemployment, employment and skills mismatch in advanced economies -- 3.1 Skills mismatch between labour supply and demand -- 3.1.1 Skills mismatch and unemployment -- 3.2 Skills mismatch by occupation -- 3.2.1 Incidence and consequences of mismatch -- 3.2.2 Measurement -- 3.2.3 Overeducation and undereducation in a sample of countries -- 3.3 Explaining employment and skills mismatch -- 3.3.1 The impact of macro factors on mismatch -- 3.3.2 The impact of gender, age, immigrant background and disability on mismatch -- 3.3.3 The impact of family characteristics on mismatch -- 3.3.4 The impact of labour market experience on mismatch -- 4. Youth labour markets in developing economies: Preliminary evidence from the ILO school-to-worktransition surveys -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Measuring and analysing youth labour marketsin developing economies -- 4.2.1 The dichotomy of youth labour markets in developed and developing economies.

4.2.2 Alternative framework for portraying youth labour markets in developing economies -- 4.3 Measuring job quality -- 4.3.1 Quality of employment indicators and the dominance of low-quality employment in developing economies -- 4.3.2 Skills mismatch -- 4.3.3 Unravelling job satisfaction in developing economies -- 5. Labour market transitionsof youth in developing economies -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Defining labour market transitions -- 5.3 Stages of transition in developing economies -- 5.3.1 A cross-country comparison -- 5.3.2 A detailed transition analysis for Liberia -- 5.4 Labour market flows and durations of transition -- 5.4.1 Labour market flows -- 5.4.2 Duration of labour market transitions -- 6. Policies for youth employment -- 6.1 A global framework to tackle the youth employment crisis -- 6.1.1 Stimulate demand and create jobs for youth through pro-employment macroeconomic policies -- 6.1.2 Invest in education and training to enhance employabilityand facilitate the school-to-work transition -- 6.1.3 Improve labour market integration of young people through targeted labour market policies -- 6.1.4 Provide career options to young people by supporting entrepreneurship and self-employment -- 6.1.5 Ensure that young people receive equal treatment and are afforded rights at work -- 6.2 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Annexes -- Annex A. World and regional tables -- Annex B. OECD country tables -- Annex C. Skills mismatch tables -- Annex D. Selected tables from the SWTS, ten countries -- Annex E. Note on global and regional projections -- Annex F. Skills mismatch -- Annex G. Global Employment Trends - Regional groupings -- Boxes -- Box 1. Youth employment: A G20 priority -- Box 2. Voluntary and involuntary part-time youth employment in Indonesia -- Box 3. Measuring skills mismatch.

Box 4. Work4Youth: An ILO project in partnership with The MasterCard Foundation -- Box 5. Work4Youth tools and methodological framework -- Box 6. How the LDES complements SWTS results and strengthens interpretation -- Box 7. Future research and products of the Work4Youth project -- Box 8. Approaches to boost aggregate demand and promote youth employment -- Box 9. The Peruvian action plan for youth employment -- Box 10. A skilled workforce for strong, sustainable and balanced growth -- Box 11. The role of employment services in facilitating youth labour market transitions -- Box 12. Gaining work experience through dual apprenticeship in selected European countries -- Box 13. ILO tools for anticipating skills needs -- Box 14. Youth transitions to formal employment through labour market reforms: The case of Argentina -- Box 15. Youth guarantees: A response to the youth employment crisis? -- Box 16. Youth employment programmes: Lessons from evaluation -- Box 17. Lessons learned from successful youth entrepreneurship programmes -- Box 18. Collective agreements on policies for youth employment -- Box 19. Global youth employment repositories -- Figures -- Figure 1. Global youth unemployment and unemployment rate, 1991-2013 -- Figure 2. Youth unemployment rate estimates and projections, 2008-18 (%) -- Figure 3. Global and regional gender gaps in youth unemployment rates, selected years (female rate minus male rate, percentage points) -- Figure 4. Decomposition of changes in the employment-to-population ratio, 2007-12 -- Figure 5. Youth unemployment rates, 2008 and 2012 (second quarter, %) -- Figure 6. Share of youth unemployed who have been unemployed for at least six months, 2008 and 2011 (%) -- Figure 7. Part-time employment rates in the Philippines and Thailand, by sex, 2008-12 (%).

Figure 8. Young workers in informal employment in the Russian Federation, by sex and age group, 2012 (%) -- Figure 9. Economic context and skills mismatch -- Figure 10. Skills mismatch and youth unemployment rates in selected countries, 2000-11 (%) -- Figure 11. Average incidence of skills mismatch, all age groups (%) -- Figure 12. Average incidence of skills mismatch, age group 15-29 (%) -- Figure 13. Average incidence of skills mismatch, by sex and age group (%) -- Figure 14. Distribution of youth population by regular and irregular employment, unemployment (relaxed definition) and inactivity for four LDCs and four high-income countries (%) -- Figure 15. Comparing the traditional and alternative framework of labour market status in Armenia and Togo (%) -- Figure 16. Expanded indicators measuring quality of work (%) -- Figure 17. Distribution of youth population by stage of transition (%) -- Figure 18. Share of transited youth in total youth population, by sex (%) -- Figure 19. Liberia: Stages of transition (categories of "transited" and "in transition") by household income level, educational attainment and geographic area (%) -- Figure 20. Flows to stable and/or satisfactory employment (transited category) -- Figure 21. Duration of transition to stable and/or satisfactory employment -- Tables -- Table 1. Incidence of overeducation in European countries (%) -- Table 2. Incidence of undereducation in European countries (%) -- Table 3. ISCO major groups and skill levels -- Table 4. Incidence of overeducation by age group (%) -- Table 5. Incidence of undereducation by age group (%) -- Table 6. Country-level trends in youth (aged 15-29) mismatch incidence -- Table 7. Selected overeducation model results for youth -- Table 8. Selected undereducation model results for youth.

Table 9. Employment by characteristics of education (share in total employment, %) -- Table 10. Shares of overeducated and undereducated young workers in FYR Macedonia and Togo by ISCO-88 major occupational group (%) -- Table 11. Job satisfaction rates by level of educational attainment, urban/rural residence, household wealth,regular/irregular/informal employment and overqualification and underqualification (%) -- Table 12. Indicators on path of transition for transited youth in Armenia and Cambodia, by sex -- Table 13. Average duration of transition for youth in the "in transition" category -- Annex tables -- Table A1. Global unemployment and unemployment rates, youth (15-24), adult (25+) and total (15+), 2007-13 -- Table A2. Youth unemployment rates 2008-18, by region and sex (%) -- Table A3. Change in youth unemployment and unemployment rates between 1998 and 2008 and between 2008 and 2012, by region -- Table A4. Youth labour force participation rates 2008-18, by region and sex (%) -- Table A5. Global and regional youth employment-to-population ratios, 2008-18 (%) -- Table A6. Global and regional ratios of youth-to-adult unemployment rates, 2008-18 (%) -- Table B1. Youth unemployment rates, second quarter, 2000-12 (%) -- Table B2. Share of unemployed youth who have been unemployed for at least six months,both sexes, 2000-11 (%) -- Table B3. NEET rates in OECD economies, age group 15-29, 2000-10 (%) -- Table B4. Incidence of part-time work, youth, 2000-11 (%) -- Table B5. Incidence of temporary employment, youth, 2000-11 (%) -- Table C1. Skills mismatch between labour supply and demand, youth, 2000-11 (%) -- Table C2a. Unemployment rate of youth with primary education, both sexes, 2000-11 (%) -- Table C2b. Unemployment rate of youth with secondary education, both sexes, 2000-11 (%).

Table C2c. Unemployment rate of youth with tertiary education, both sexes, 2000-11 (%).