The continuing expansion of motorized transport in Europe today raises crucial questions about the efficiency and the environmental, health and social implications of land-use and transport policies. The challenge is to promote healthy and sustainable transport alternatives to prevent the negative effects of transport systems on human health. This book summarizes the key facts on which countries based their decision. Developed from a document prepared for the London Conference, it summarizes the latest scientific evidence on the impact of transport-generated air pollution, noise and accidents on behaviour and physical and mental health. The book also highlights the considerable potential health benefits from non-motorized forms of transport, such as cycling and walking.