Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children. : Guidelines for the Management of Common Childhood Illnesses.
Title:
Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children. : Guidelines for the Management of Common Childhood Illnesses.
Author:
Organization, World Health.
ISBN:
9789240691735
Personal Author:
Edition:
2nd ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (442 pages)
Series:
Nonserial Publication
Contents:
Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- Chart 1: Stages in the management of a sick child admitted to hospital: key elements -- 1. TRIAGE AND EMERGENCY CONDITIONS -- 1.1 Triage -- 1.2 Summary of steps in emergency triage assessment and treatment -- 1.3 Assessment of emergency and priority signs -- Triage of all sick children -- How to manage a choking infant or child -- How to manage the airway in a child with obstructed breathing -- How to give oxygen -- How to position the unconscious Child -- Give IV fluids for shock in a child without severe acute malnutrition -- Give IV fluids for shock in a child with severe acute malnutrition -- Give diazepam rectally -- Give IV glucose -- Treat severe dehydration in an emergency setting -- 1.4 Emergency treatment for a child with severe malnutrition -- 1.5 Diagnostic considerations for children with emergency conditions -- 1.5.1 Child presenting with an airway or severe breathing problem -- 1.5.2 Child presenting with shock -- 1.5.3 Child presenting with lethargy, unconsciousness or convulsions -- 1.6 Common poisoning -- 1.6.1 Principles for ingested poisons -- 1.6.2 Principles for poisons in contact with skin or eyes -- 1.6.3 Principles for inhaled poisons -- 1.6.4 Specific poisons -- 1.6.5 Prevention of poisoning -- 1.7 Drowning -- 1.8 Electrocution -- 1.9 Common causes of envenoming -- 1.9.1 Snake bite -- 1.9.2 Scorpion sting -- 1.9.3 Other sources of envenoming -- 1.10 Trauma and injuries -- 1.10.1 Primary survey or initial assessment -- 1.10.2 Secondary survey -- 2. DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES TO THE SICK CHILD -- 2.1 Relationship to the IMCI approach and stages of hospital care -- 2.2 Taking history -- 2.3 Approach to the sick child and clinical examination -- 2.4 Laboratory investigations -- 2.5 Differential diagnoses -- 3. PROBLEMS OF THE NEONATE AND YOUNG INFANT.
3.1 Essential newborn care at delivery -- 3.2 Neonatal resuscitation -- 3.2.1 Post resuscitation care -- 3.2.2 Cessation of resuscitation -- 3.3 Routine care for all newborns after delivery -- 3.4 Prevention of neonatal infections -- 3.5 Management of the infant with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy -- 3.6 Danger signs in newborns and young infants -- 3.7 Convulsions or fits -- 3.8 Serious bacterial infection -- 3.9 Meningitis -- 3.10 Supportive care for sick neonates -- 3.10.1 Thermal environment -- 3.10.2 Fluid management -- 3.10.3 Oxygen therapy -- 3.10.4 High fever -- 3.11 Preterm and low-birth-weight infants -- 3.11.1 Infants with a birth weight of 2.0-2.5 kg (35-36 weeks' gestation) -- 3.11.2 Infants with a birth weight < 2.0 kg (< 35 weeks' gestation) -- 3.11.3 Common problems of low-birth-weight infants -- 3.11.4 Discharge and follow-up of low-birth-weight infants -- 3.12 Other common neonatal problems -- 3.12.1 Jaundice -- 3.12.2 Conjunctivitis -- 3.12.3 Congential malformations -- 3.13 Infants of mothers with infectious diseases -- 3.13.1 Congenital syphilis -- 3.13.2 Infants of mothers with tuberculosis -- 3.13.3 Infants of mothers with HIV infection -- 3.14 Doses of common drugs for neonates and low-birth-weight infants -- 4. COUGH OR DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING -- 4.1 Child presenting with cough -- 4.2 Pneumonia -- 4.2.1 Severe pneumonia -- 4.2.2 Pneumonia -- 4.3 Complications of pneumonia -- 4.3.1 Pleural effusion and empyema -- 4.3.2 Lung abscess -- 4.3.3 Pneumothorax -- 4.4 Cough or cold -- 4.5 Conditions presenting with wheeze -- 4.5.1 Bronchiolitis -- 4.5.2 Asthma -- 4.5.3 Wheeze with cough or cold -- 4.6 Conditions presenting with stridor -- 4.6.1 Viral croup -- 4.6.2 Diphtheria -- 4.6.3 Epiglottitis -- 4.6.4 Anaphylaxis -- 4.7 Conditions presenting with chronic cough -- 4.7.1 Pertussis -- 4.7.2 Tuberculosis.
4.7.3 Foreign body inhalation -- 4.8 Heart failure -- 4.9 Rheumatic heart disease -- 5. DIARRHOEA -- 5.1 Child presenting with diarrhoea -- 5.2 Acute diarrhoea -- 5.2.1 Severe dehydration -- 5.2.2 Some dehydration -- 5.2.3 No dehydration -- 5.3 Persistent diarrhoea -- 5.3.1 Severe persistent diarrhoea -- 5.3.2 Persistent diarrhoea (non-severe) -- 5.4 Dysentery -- 6. FEVER -- 6.1 Child presenting with fever -- 6.1.1 Fever lasting 7 days or less -- 6.1.2 Fever lasting longer than 7 days -- 6.2 Malaria -- 6.2.1 Severe malaria -- 6.2.2 Uncomplicated malaria -- 6.3 Meningitis -- 6.3.1 Bacterial meningitis -- 6.3.2 Meningococcal epidemics -- 6.3.3 Tuberculous meningitis -- 6.3.4 Cryptococcal meningitis -- 6.4 Measles -- 6.4.1 Severe complicated measles -- 6.4.2 Non-severe measles -- 6.5 Septicaemia -- 6.6 Typhoid fever -- 6.7 Ear infections -- 6.7.1 Mastoiditis -- 6.7.2 Acute otitis media -- 6.7.3 Chronic otitis media -- 6.8 Urinary tract infection -- 6.9 Septic arthritis or osteomyelitis -- 6.10 Dengue -- 6.10.1 Severe dengue -- 6.11 Rheumatic fever -- 7. SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION -- 7.1 Severe acute malnutrition -- 7.2 Initial assessment of a child with severe acute malnutrition -- 7.3 Organization of care -- 7.4 General management -- 7.4.1 Hypoglycaemia -- 7.4.2 Hypothermia -- 7.4.3 Dehydration -- 7.4.4 Electrolyte imbalance -- 7.4.5 Infection -- 7.4.6 Micronutrient deficiencies -- 7.4.7 Initial re-feeding -- 7.4.8 Catch-up growth feeding -- 7.4.9 Sensory stimulation -- 7.4.10 Severe acute malnutrition in infants aged < 6 months -- 7.5 Treatment of associated conditions -- 7.5.1 Eye problems -- 7.5.2 Severe anaemia -- 7.5.3 Skin lesions in kwashiorkor -- 7.5.4 Continuing diarrhoea -- 7.5.5 Tuberculosis -- 7.6 Discharge and follow-up -- 7.6.1 Discharge to outpatient care -- 7.6.2 Discharge from nutritional treatment -- 7.6.3 Follow up.
7.7 Monitoring the quality of care -- 7.7.1 Mortality audit -- 7.7.2 Weight gain during rehabilitation -- 8. CHILDREN WITH HIV/AIDS -- 8.1 Sick child with suspected or confirmed HIV infection -- 8.1.1 Clinical diagnosis -- 8.1.2 HIV counselling -- 8.1.3 Testing and diagnosis of HIV infection -- 8.1.4 Clinical staging -- 8.2 Antiretroviral therapy -- 8.2.1 Antiretroviral drugs -- 8.2.2 When to start antiretroviral therapy -- 8.2.3 Side-effects and monitoring -- 8.2.4 When to change treatment -- 8.3 Supportive care for HIV-positive children -- 8.3.1 Vaccination -- 8.3.2 Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis -- 8.3.3 Nutrition -- 8.4 Management of HIV-related conditions -- 8.4.1 Tuberculosis -- 8.4.2 Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia -- 8.4.3 Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis -- 8.4.4 Fungal infections -- 8.4.5 Kaposi sarcoma -- 8.5 Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission, and infant feeding -- 8.5.1 Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission -- 8.5.2 Infant feeding in the context of HIV infection -- 8.6 Follow-up -- 8.6.1 Discharge from hospital -- 8.6.2 Referral -- 8.6.3 Clinical follow-up -- 8.7 Palliative and end-of-life care -- 8.7.1 Pain control -- 8.7.2 Management of anorexia, nausea and vomiting -- 8.7.3 Prevention and treatment of pressure sores -- 8.7.4 Care of the mouth -- 8.7.5 Airway management -- 8.7.6 Psychosocial support -- 9. COMMON SURGICAL PROBLEMS -- 9.1 Care before, during and after surgery -- 9.1.1 Preoperative care -- 9.1.2 Intraoperative care -- 9.1.3 Postoperative care -- 9.2 Congenital anomalies -- 9.2.1 Cleft lip and palate -- 9.2.2 Bowel obstruction -- 9.2.3 Abdominal wall defects -- 9.2.4 Myelomeningocoele -- 9.2.5 Congenital dislocation of the hip -- 9.2.6 Talipes equinovarus (club foot) -- 9.3 Injuries -- 9.3.1 Burns -- 9.3.2 Head injuries -- 9.3.3 Chest injuries -- 9.3.4 Abdominal injuries -- 9.3.5 Fractures.
9.3.6 Principles of wound care -- 9.4 Abdominal problems -- 9.4.1 Abdominal pain -- 9.4.2 Appendicitis -- 9.4.3 Bowel obstruction after the neonatal period -- 9.4.4 Intussusception -- 9.4.5 Umbilical hernia -- 9.4.6 Inguinal hernia -- 9.4.7 Incarcerated hernia -- 9.4.8 Testicular torsion -- 9.4.9 Rectal prolapse -- 9.5 Infections requiring surgery -- 9.5.1 Abscess -- 9.5.2 Osteomyelitis -- 9.5.3 Septic arthritis -- 9.5.4 Pyomyositis -- 10. SUPPORTIVE CARE -- 10.1 Nutritional management -- 10.1.1 Supporting breastfeeding -- 10.1.2 Nutritional management of sick children -- 10.2 Fluid management -- 10.3 Management of fever -- 10.4 Pain control -- 10.5 Management of anaemia -- 10.6 Blood transfusion -- 10.6.1 Storage of blood -- 10.6.2 Problems in blood transfusion -- 10.6.3 Indications for blood transfusion -- 10.6.4 Giving a blood transfusion -- 10.6.5 Transfusion reactions -- 10.7 Oxygen therapy -- 10.8 Toys and play therapy -- 11. MONITORING THE CHILD'S PROGRESS -- 11.1 Monitoring procedures -- 11.2 Monitoring chart -- 11.3 Audit of paediatric care -- 12. COUNSELLING AND DISCHARGE FROM HOSPITAL -- 12.1 Timing of discharge from hospital -- 12.2 Counselling -- 12.3 Nutrition counselling -- 12.4 Home treatment -- 12.5 Checking the mother's health -- 12.6 Checking immunization status -- 12.7 Communicating with the first-level health worker -- 12.8 Providing follow-up care -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- ANNEXES -- Annex 1. Practical procedures -- A1.1 Giving injections -- A1.1.1 Intramuscular -- A1.1.2 Subcutaneous -- A1.1.3 Intradermal -- A1.2 Giving parenteral fluids -- A1.2.1 Insertion of an indwelling intravenous cannula in a peripheral vein -- A1.2.2 Intraosseous infusion -- A1.2.3 Central vein cannulation -- A1.2.4 Venous cut-down -- A1.2.5 Umbilical vein catheterization -- A1.3 Insertion of a nasogastric tube -- A1.4 Lumbar puncture.
A1.5 Insertion of a chest drain.
Abstract:
The Pocket Book is for use by doctors nurses and other health workers who are responsible for the care of young children at the first level referral hospitals. This second edition is based on evidence from several WHO updated and published clinical guidelines. It is for use in both inpatient and outpatient care in small hospitals with basic laboratory facilities and essential medicines. In some settings these guidelines can be used in any facilities where sick children are admitted for inpatient care. The Pocket Book is one of a series of documents and tools that support the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI). The guidelines require the hospital to have (1) the capacity to carry out certain essential investigations such as pulse oximetry blood glucose blood smear examinations for malaria parasites estimation of haemoglobin packed cell volume and full blood count blood group and cross-match and basic microscopy of cerebrospinal fluid and urine; and where possible blood and urine culture ultrasound and basic x-rays; (2) essential medicines for the care of seriously ill children. Advanced and high care treatment options such as intensive care or mechanical ventilation are not described. These guidelines focus on the management of the major causes of childhood mortality in most developing countries such as newborn problems pneumonia diarrhoea malaria meningitis septicaemia measles and related conditions severe acute malnutrition and paediatric HIV/AIDS. It also covers some common surgical conditions that can be managed in small hospitals. Details of the evidence on which the Pocket Book is based can be found onWHO website from the published guidelines provided in the bibliography. These guidelines are applicable in most areas of the world and may be adapted to suit country specific circumstances. ... Wow! If only this book had been
around when we were overseas in Namibia and India respectively... This book is an absolute must for anyone caring for children in areas of the world where resources are limited. If you are toying with the idea of doing a stint overseas (VSO/RCPCH fellowship for example) this book will convince you to go. It speaks of an overwhelmingly real medicine where children are properly sick where your skills count where you can change lives and where the banding of your rota pales into insignificance... It comes highly recommended. -- Archives of Disease in Childhood (from the first edition).
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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