Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- Executive summary -- 1 Alcohol and public health -- 1.1 Alcohol consumption in its historical context -- 1.2 Pathways of alcohol-related harm -- 1.2.1 Volume of alcohol consumed -- 1.2.2 Pattern of drinking -- 1.2.3 Quality of alcohol consumed -- 1.3 Mechanisms of harm in an individual -- 1.4 Abstention -- 1.5 Factors affecting alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm -- 1.5.1 Age -- 1.5.2 Gender -- 1.5.3 Familial risk factors -- 1.5.4 Socioeconomic status -- 1.5.5 Economic development -- 1.5.6 Culture and context -- 1.5.7 Alcohol control and regulation -- 1.6 Alcohol-related harms -- 1.6.1 Health consequences for drinkers -- 1.6.2 Socioeconomic consequences for drinkers -- 1.6.3 Harms to other individuals -- 1.6.4 Harm to society at large -- 1.7 Action to reduce harmful use of alcohol -- 1.7.1 Evidence of effectiveness -- 1.7.2 Global action -- 1.7.3 Regional action -- 1.7.4 National policies -- 1.8 Monitoring -- 2 Alcohol consumption -- 2.1 Levels of consumption -- 2.1.1 Total per capita consumption -- 2.1.2 Unrecorded alcohol consumption -- 2.1.3 Most consumed alcoholic beverages -- 2.2 Patterns of drinking -- 2.2.1 Abstention rates -- 2.2.2 Heavy episodic drinking -- 2.2.3 Patterns of drinking score -- 2.2.4 Factors impacting on alcohol consumption -- 2.3 Trends and projections -- 2.3.1 Five-year change in alcohol consumption -- 2.3.2 Projections up to 2025 -- 3 Health consequences -- 3.1 Aggregate health effects -- 3.1.1 Alcohol-attributable mortality -- 3.1.2 Alcohol-attributable burden of disease and injury -- 3.1.3 Factors impacting on health consequences -- 3.2 Trends and projections -- 4 Alcohol policy and interventions -- 4.1 Leadership, awareness and commitment -- 4.1.1 Written national alcohol policies -- 4.1.2 Nationwide awareness-raising activities.

4.2 Health services' response -- 4.3 Community action -- 4.4 Drink-driving countermeasures -- 4.4.1 BAC limits -- 4.4.2 Methods used to ascertain driver BACs -- 4.5 Regulating availability of alcohol -- 4.5.1 National control of production and sale of alcohol -- 4.5.2 Restrictions on on-/off-premise sales of alcoholic beverages -- 4.5.3 National minimum purchase or consumption age -- 4.5.4 Restrictions on drinking in public -- 4.5.5 Restrictions on purchase of alcohol at petrol stations -- 4.6 Marketing restrictions -- 4.6.1 Regulations on alcohol advertising -- 4.6.2 Regulation on alcohol product placement -- 4.6.3 Regulation on alcohol sales promotions -- 4.6.4 Methods of detecting marketing infringements -- 4.7 Pricing -- 4.7.1 Excise tax -- 4.8 Reducing negative consequences of drinking -- 4.8.1 Responsible beverage services training -- 4.8.2 Labels on alcohol containers -- 4.9 Addressing illicit and informal production -- 4.9.1 Inclusion of informal or illicit production in national alcohol policies -- 4.9.2 Methods used to track illicit or informal alcohol -- 4.10 Monitoring and surveillance -- 4.10.1 National surveys on alcohol consumption -- 4.10.2 Legal definition of an alcoholic beverage -- 4.10.3 National monitoring systems -- 4.11 Trends -- Country profiles -- Appendix I: Alcohol consumption -- Appendix II: Health consequences -- Appendix III: Indicators related to alcohol policy and interventions -- Appendix IV: Data sources and methods -- References.