References -- Investigations of tests in primary screening -- Tests used in the diagnosis and management of minimal cervical abnormalities -- Appendix:Epidemiological Issues in the Evaluation of Alternative Screening Tests -- Recommendations on the designs of studies on HPV testing for cervical screening -- HPV in quality control of cytology-based screening programmes -- Opportunities for self-sampling in screening and triage -- The ALTS trial -- The Kaiser Permanente study -- HPV tests in the triage of minimal cervical abnormalities -- Impact of HIV status and age on performance of HPV DNA -- HR-HPV testing and HPV type-specific testing performance in screening -- HPV tests in primary screening programmes -- Natural history studies and case control studies -- Uses of HPV testing in screening -- HPV testing systems: developments for the near future -- Sample preparation / handling -- Tests available and results to date -- HPV testing systems: current methods for screening -- Rationale for using HPV testing in cervical screening -- Introduction -- HPV Tests in Cervical Screening Programmes -- Possible Role in Middle-Income Countries -- Conclusion on VIA -- Research issues -- Advantages and limitations of VIA -- Training issues -- Diagnostic evaluation and management of lesions detected by VIA -- Definition and reporting of test outcomes -- Test characteristics and current level of evidence for VIA as an alternative screening approach -- Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid Application (VIA) as an Alternative Approach to Cytology Screening in Low-Income Countries -- Research issues on cervical cytology in developing countries -- Research issues on cervical screening programmes in developing countries -- The circumstances when cervical screening programmes should be recommended -- The implications of different methods of smear reading.

The implications of different methods of sampling -- The strengths of the conventional cervical cytology test -- Elements that interfere with the development of successful cervical screening programmes -- The essential elements for successful cytology screening programmes -- The validity of cervical cytology as a screening test -- Cervical cytology as an effective screening test -- Cytology Screening in Middle-income Countries -- Fundamental components essentialfor an organized programme -- The essential elements for successful cervical screening -- Programme Organization -- Epidemiological Status Of Cervical Cancer -- Introduction -- Executive Summary -- Preface.