Economics of the Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities (The) : A Resource Book.
Title:
Economics of the Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequalities (The) : A Resource Book.
Author:
Organization, World Health.
ISBN:
9789240691148
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 online resource (133 pages)
Contents:
Cover -- Contents -- Executive summary -- Background -- How do economists approach the assessment of economic motivation? -- Economic arguments for investment in the social determinants of health -- Basic economic rationales -- Value for money -- Findings in specific public policy areas with implications for health -- Research gaps -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Why this resource book? -- 1.2 Using this resource book -- 1.3 How were sectors chosen? -- 1.4 How are interventions classified? -- 1.4.1 Intersectoral public policy and action perspective -- 1.4.2 Intervention evidence review orientation -- References -- Chapter 2. The economic argument for social determinants of health and socially determined health inequalities -- 2.1 Efficiency-based rationales for public policy intervention -- 2.2 Standard efficiency-based rationales -- 2.2.1 Imperfect or asymmetric information -- 2.2.2 Externalities -- 2.2.3 Public goods -- 2.2.4 Departures from rationality -- 2.3 Non-standard economic rationales: behavioural economics -- 2.4 Equity-based rationale for public policy intervention -- 2.5 The relationship between efficiency and equity -- 2.5.1 The standard viewpoint -- 2.5.2 The standard viewpoint: when is it less valid? -- 2.5.3 The macroeconomics viewpoint: traditional and new evidence -- References -- Chapter 3. Assessing value for money of interventions -- 3.1 Valuing the consequences of social determinants of health interventions -- 3.1.1 Valuing costs -- 3.1.2 Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis -- 3.1.3 Cost-benefit analysis -- 3.1.4 Conclusions -- 3.2 Valuing reductions in health inequities -- 3.2.1 Valuing reductions in health inequities in cost-effectiveness analysis -- 3.2.2 Valuing reductions in health inequities in cost-benefit analysis -- 3.2.3 Conclusions.
3.3 Challenges in assessing the value for money of social determinants of health interventions -- References -- Chapter 4. Can education policy act as health policy? -- 4.1 Efficiency-based rationales -- 4.1.1 Economic benefits of education and the presence of market failures -- 4.1.2 Does education have an impact on health? -- 4.1.3 Average impact of education interventions -- 4.2 Equity-based rationales -- 4.2.1 Equity aspects in education -- 4.2.2 Equity impacts of interventions -- 4.3 Value for money -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5. Can social protection act as health policy? -- 5.1 Efficiency-based rationales -- 5.1.1 Economic benefits of social protection and the presence of market failures -- 5.1.2 Does social protection have an impact on health? -- 5.1.3 Average impact of social protection interventions -- 5.2 Equity-based rationales -- 5.2.1 Equity aspects in social protection -- 5.2.2 Equity impacts of interventions -- 5.3 Value for money -- 5.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6. Can urban development, housing and transport policy act as health policy? -- 6.1 Efficiency-based rationales -- 6.1.1 Benefits of urban development, housing and transport infrastructure and the presence of market failures -- 6.1.2 Does urban development and infrastructure have an impact on health? -- 6.1.3 Average impact of interventions -- 6.2 Equity-based rationales -- 6.2.1 Equity aspects in urban development, housing and transport -- 6.2.2 Equity impacts of interventions -- 6.3 Value for money -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- Annex A. Looking beyond GDP: broader measures of well-being, welfare and prosperity -- References -- Annex B. Commission on Social Determinants of Health recommendations -- Annex C. Literature review: methodology -- Boxes -- Box 1.1 Summary of sectors prioritized by CSDH.
Box 2.1 The use of cost of health inequality evidence -- Box 2.2 Economic evaluation studies answer questions relative to specific actions -- Box 2.3 Examples of information imperfections -- Box 2.4 Examples of externalities -- Box 4.1 From resource- to incentive-based interventions in higher education in the United States -- Box 4.2 Calculating the costs and benefits of early childhood education -- Box 6.1 Urban HEART -- Box C.1 Screening criteria -- Figures -- Figure 1.1 Overview of resource book information -- Figure 1.2 Types of interventions -- Figure 1.3 Analytical framework -- Figure 2.1 Relationships between different dimensions of inequality -- Tables -- Table 2.1 Preferences on income equality -- Table 2.2 Importance of eliminating big income inequalities -- Table 3.1 Potential approaches to incorporate equity considerations into economic evaluations of social determinants of health interventions -- Table 4.1 Education interventions: summary of health, economic and equity impacts -- Table 5.1 Social protection interventions: summary of health, economic and equity impacts -- Table 6.1 Urban development, housing and transport interventions: summary of health, economic and equity impacts.
Abstract:
In response to the growing concern about equity issues and their implications for overall development WHO established the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) in 2005 which focused on the social justice or human rights arguments for health investments. CSDH investigated the factors involved in the so-called social gradient in health which refers to the large observable differences in health outcomes within and between countries that are determined by avoidable inequalities in the access to resources and power. CSDH aimed to further investigate the causes of health inequities with a deliberate detachment from economic considerations and provide advice on how to tackle them effectively. CSDH also reviewed evidence for action on a wider scope of interventions than CMH many of which require intersectoral collaboration or advocacy. With CMH and CSDH having adopted different but perhaps complementary standpoints it soon became clear that greater synergies had to be forged between the two. This WHO resource book on the economics of social determinants of health and health inequalities seeks to begin to build a bridge between the two approaches by explaining illustrating and discussing the economic arguments that could (and could not) be put forth to support the case for investing in the social determinants of health on average and in the reduction in socially determined health inequalities. The resource book has two main objectives: . to provide an overview and introduction into how economists would approach the assessment of the economic motivation to invest in the social determinants of health and socially determined health inequities including what the major challenges are in this assessment; . to illustrate the extent to which an economic argument can be made in favour of investment in three major social determinants of health areas:
education social protection and urban development and infrastructure.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
Genre:
Electronic Access:
Click to View