FRONT COVER -- ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MARINE MAMMALS -- COPYRIGHT PAGE -- CONTENTS -- CONTENTS BY SUBJECT AREA -- CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION -- PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION -- GUIDE TO THE ENCYCLOPEDIA -- A -- Abundance Estimation -- Aerial Behavior -- Age Estimation -- Aggressive Behavior, Intraspecific -- Albinism -- Amazon River Dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) -- Ambergris -- Anatomical Dissection: Thorax and Abdomen -- Antarctic Fur Seal (Arctocephalus gazella) -- Antarctic Marine Mammals -- Archaeocetes, Archaic -- Arctic Marine Mammals -- Atlantic Spotted Dolphin (Stenella frontalis) -- Atlantic White-Sided Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) -- Australian Sea Lion (Neophoca cinerea) -- Australian Snubfin Dolphin (Orcaella heinsohni) -- Azorean Whaling -- B -- Baculum -- Baiji (Lipotes vexillifer) -- Balance -- Baleen -- Baleen Whales (Mysticetes) -- Barnacles -- Basilosaurids -- Beaked Whales, Overview (Ziphiidae) -- Bearded Seal (Erignathus barbatus) -- Behavior, Overview -- Beluga Whale (Delphinapterus leucas) -- Biogeography -- Blubber -- Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) -- Bones and Teeth, Histology of -- Bottlenose Whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus and H. planifrons) -- Bowhead Whale (Balaena mysticetus) -- Bow-Riding -- Brain -- Brain Size Evolution -- Breathing -- Breeding Sites -- Bryde's Whales (Balaenoptera edeni/B. brydei) -- Burmeister's Porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis) -- Bycatch -- C -- California, Galapagos, and Japanese Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus, Z. wollebaeki, and Z. japonicus) -- Callosities -- Captive Breeding -- Captivity -- Caspian and Baikal Seals (Pusa caspica and Pusa sibirica) -- Cephalorhynchus Dolphins (C. heavisidii, C. eutropia, C. hectori, and C. commersonii) -- Cetacean Ecology -- Cetacean Evolution -- Cetacean Fossil Record -- Cetacean Life History -- Cetacean Prenatal Development.

Circulatory System -- Classification (Overall) -- Climate Change -- Clymene Dolphin (Stenella clymene) -- Coloration -- Common Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) -- Common Dolphins (Delphinus delphis and D. capensis) -- Communication in Marine Mammals -- Competition with Fisheries -- Conservation Efforts -- Crabeater Seal (Lobodon carcinophaga) -- Culture in Whales and Dolphins -- Cuvier's Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris) -- D -- Dall's Porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) -- Delphinids, Overview -- Dental Morphology, Evolution of -- Desmostylia -- Dialects -- Diet -- Distribution -- Diving Behavior -- Diving Physiology -- Dugong (Dugong dugon) -- Dusky Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) -- E -- Eared Seals (Otariidae) -- Earless Seals (Phocidae) -- Echolocation -- Ecological Effects of Marine Mammals -- Ecology, Overview -- Elephant Seals (Mirounga angustirostris and M. leonina) -- Endangered Species and Populations -- Endocrine Systems -- Energetics -- Entrapment and Entanglement -- Estrus and Estrous Behavior -- Ethics and Marine Mammals -- Extinctions, Specific -- F -- False Killer Whale (Pseudorca crassidens) -- Feeding Morphology -- Feeding Strategies and Tactics -- Female Reproductive Systems -- Filter Feeding -- Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) -- Finless Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) -- Fisheries, Interference With -- Fishing Industry, Effects Of -- Folklore and Legends -- Forelimb Anatomy -- Forensic Genetics -- Fossil Sites, Noted -- Franciscana Dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) -- Fraser's Dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei) -- G -- Gastrointestinal Tract -- Genetics for Management -- Genetics, Overview -- Geographic Variation -- Giant Beaked Whales (Berardius bairdii and B. arnuxii) -- Gray Seal (Halichoerus grypus) -- Gray Whale: Eschrichtius robustus -- Group Behavior -- H -- Habitat Pressures -- Habitat Use -- Hair and Fur.

Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) -- Harbor Seal and Spotted Seal (Phoca vitulina and P. largha) -- Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) -- Health -- Hearing -- Hind Limb Anatomy -- History of Marine Mammal Research -- Hooded Seal (Cystophora cristata) -- Hourglass Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus cruciger) -- Humpback Dolphins (Sousa chinensis and S. teuszii) -- Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) -- Hunting of Marine Mammals -- Hybridism -- I -- Identification Methods -- Indo-Pacific Beaked Whale (Indopacetus pacificus) -- Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) -- Indo-West Pacific Marine Mammals -- Intelligence and Cognition -- The International Whaling Commission -- Inuit and Marine Mammals -- Irrawaddy Dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) -- J -- Japanese Whaling -- K -- Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) -- Krill and Other Plankton -- L -- Language Learning and Cognitive Skills -- Locomotion, Terrestrial -- Leopard Seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) -- M -- Male Reproductive Systems -- Management -- Manatees (Trichechus manatus, T. senegalensis, and T. inunguis) -- Marine Mammal Evolution -- Marine Parks and Zoos -- Marine Protected Areas -- Mark-Recapture -- Mass Mortalities -- Mating Systems -- Melon-Headed Whale (Peponocephala electra) -- Mesoplodont Whales (Mesoplodon spp.) -- Migration and Movement Patterns -- Mimicry -- Minke Whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata and B. bonaerensis) -- Molecular Ecology -- Monk Seals (Monachus monachus, M. tropicalis, and M. schauinslandi) -- Musculature -- Museums and Collections -- Mysticetes, Evolution -- N -- Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) -- Neoceti -- New Zealand Sea Lion (Phocarctos hookeri) -- Noise, Effects Of -- North Atlantic Marine Mammals -- North Pacific Marine Mammals -- Northern Fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus) -- O -- The Ocean Environment -- Odobenocetops -- Omura's Whale (Balaenoptera omurai).

Osmoregulation -- Otters, Marine -- P -- Pacific White-Sided Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) -- Pantropical Spotted Dolphin (Stenella attenuata) -- Parasites -- Parental Behavior -- Pathology -- Peale's Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus australis) -- Pilot Whales (Globicephala melas and G. macrorhynchus) -- Pinniped Ecology -- Pinniped Evolution -- Pinniped Life History -- Pinniped Physiology -- Pinnipedia, Overview -- Playful Behavior -- Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) -- Pollution and Marine Mammals -- Popular Culture and Literature -- Population Dynamics -- Population Status and Trends -- Porpoises, Overview -- Predation on Marine Mammals -- Predator-Prey Relationships -- Pygmy and Dwarf Sperm Whales (Kogia breviceps and K. sima) -- Pygmy Killer Whale (Feresa attenuata) -- Pygmy Right Whale (Caperea marginata) -- R -- Remoras -- Reproductive Behavior -- Ribbon Seal (Histriophoca fasciata) -- Right Whale Dolphins -- Right Whales (Eubalaena glacialis, E. japonica, and E. australis) -- Ringed Seal (Pusa hispida) -- Risso's Dolphin (Grampus griseus) -- River Dolphins -- River Dolphins, Evolutionary History and Affinities -- Rookeries -- Ross Seal (Ommatophoca rossii) -- Rough-Toothed Dolphin (Steno bredanensis) -- S -- Scrimshaw -- Sea Lions: Overview -- Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis) -- Sensory Biology: Overview -- Sexual Dimorphism -- Shepherd's Beaked Whale (Tasmacetus shepherdi) -- Signature Whistles -- Sirenian Evolution -- Sirenian Life History -- Skeleton, Postcranial -- Skull Anatomy -- Sociobiology -- Song -- Sound Production -- South American Aquatic Mammals -- South American Sea Lion (Otaria flavescens) -- Southern Fur Seals (Arctocephalus spp.) -- Species -- Spectacled Porpoise (Phocoena dioptrica) -- Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus) -- Sperm Whales, Evolution -- Spermaceti -- Spinner Dolphin (Stenella longirostris).

Steller's Sea Cow (Hydrodamalis gigas) -- Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) -- Stock Assessment -- Stock Identity -- Stranding -- Streamlining -- Striped Dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) -- Surveys -- Sustainability -- Susu and Bhulan (Platanista gangetica gangetica and P.g. minor) -- Swimming -- Systematics -- T -- Telemetry -- Territorial Behavior -- Thermoregulation -- Tool-Use in Wild Bottlenose Dolphins -- Toothed Whales, Overview -- Training and Behavior Management -- Tucuxi and Guiana Dolphin (Sotalia fluviatilis and S. guianensis) -- The Tuna-Dolphin Issue -- V -- Vaquita (Phocoena sinus) -- Vision -- W -- Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) -- Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) -- Whale Lice -- Whale Watching -- Whaling, Aboriginal -- Whaling, Illegal and Pirate -- Whaling, Modern -- Whaling, Traditional -- White-Beaked Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) -- MARINE MAMMAL SPECIES -- BIOGRAPHIES -- GLOSSARY -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Z -- INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.