Biopolymers - New Materials for Sustainable Films and Coatings -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Editor -- List of Contributors -- Part I -- 1 Introductory Overview -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.2 WORLDWIDE MARKETS FOR FILMS AND COATINGS -- 1.2.1 Total Polymer Production and Use -- 1.2.2 Total Production and Use of Plastic Films -- 1.2.3 Coatings -- 1.3 SUSTAINABILITY -- 1.4 BIO-DERIVED POLYMERS -- 1.5 OTHER TOPICS -- REFERENCES -- 2 Production, Chemistry and Degradation of Starch-Based Polymers -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 GELATINIZATION -- 2.3 EFFECT OF GELATINIZATION PROCESS AND PLASTICIZER ON STARCH PROPERTIES -- 2.4 RETROGRADATION -- 2.5 PRODUCTION OF STARCH-POLYMER BLENDS -- 2.6 BIODEGRADATION OF STARCH-BASED POLYMERS -- 2.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- 2.8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- 3 Production, Chemistry and Properties of Polylactides -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 PRODUCTION OF POLYLACTIDES -- 3.2.1 Lactic Acid and its Production -- 3.2.2 Production Methods for Polylactide -- 3.3 POLYLACTIDE CHEMISTRY -- 3.3.1 Tacticity -- 3.3.2 Molecular Weight and its Distribution -- 3.3.3 Conversion and Yield -- 3.3.4 Copolymerization -- 3.3.5 Characterization of Lactic Acid Derivatives and Polymers -- 3.4 PROPERTIES OF POLYLACTIDES -- 3.4.1 Processability -- 3.4.2 Thermal Stability -- 3.4.3 Hydrolytic Stability -- 3.4.4 Thermal Transitions and Crystallinity of PLA -- 3.4.5 Barrier and Other Properties -- 3.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Production, Chemistry and Properties of Polyhydroxyalkanoates -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE SYNTHESIS -- 4.2.1 Background -- 4.2.2 Bacterial Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates -- 4.2.3 Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates by Genetically Modified Organisms -- 4.2.4 Chemical Synthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates -- 4.3 PROPERTIES OF POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES.

4.3.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoate Structure and Mechanical Properties -- 4.3.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoate Crystallinity and Characteristic Temperatures -- 4.4 POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE DEGRADATION -- 4.4.1 Hydrolytic Degradation of PHAs -- 4.4.2 Biodegradation of PHAs -- 4.4.3 Thermal Degradation of PHAs -- 4.5 PHA-BASED MULTIPHASE MATERIALS -- 4.5.1 Generalities -- 4.5.2 PHA Plasticization -- 4.5.3 PHA Blends -- 4.5.4 PHA-Based Multilayers -- 4.5.5 PHA Biocomposites -- 4.5.6 PHA-Based Nano-Biocomposites -- 4.6 PRODUCTIONANDCOMMERCIAL PRODUCTS -- REFERENCES -- 5 Chitosan for Film and Coating Applications -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN -- 5.2.1 Degree of N-acetylation -- 5.2.2 Molecular Weight -- 5.2.3 Solvent and Solution Properties -- 5.3 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF CHITOSAN -- 5.3.1 Waste/Effluent Water Purification -- 5.3.2 Cosmetics -- 5.3.3 Fat Trapping Agent -- 5.3.4 Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications: Controlled Drug Release, Tissue Engineering -- 5.3.5 Antimicrobial Properties and Active Packaging Applications -- 5.3.6 Agriculture -- 5.3.7 Biosensors - Industrial Membrane Bioreactors and Functional Food Processes -- 5.3.8 Other Applications of Chitosan-Based Materials in the Food Industry -- 5.4 PROCESSING OF CHITOSAN -- 5.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- 6 Production, Chemistry and Properties of Proteins -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 PLANT-BASED PROTEINS -- 6.2.1 Rapeseed -- 6.2.2 Wheat Gluten -- 6.2.3 Corn Zein -- 6.2.4 Soy Protein -- 6.2.5 Kafirin (Grain Sorghum) -- 6.2.6 Oat Avenin -- 6.2.7 Rice Bran Protein (RBP) -- 6.2.8 Lupin -- 6.2.9 Cottonseed Proteins -- 6.2.10 Peanut Protein -- 6.3 ANIMAL-BASED PROTEINS -- 6.3.1 Whey Protein -- 6.3.2 Casein -- 6.3.3 Egg White -- 6.3.4 Keratin -- 6.3.5 Collagen -- 6.3.6 Gelatin -- 6.3.7 Myofibrillar Proteins -- 6.4 SOLUTION CASTING OF PROTEINS - AN OVERVIEW.

6.4.1 Solvent Casting Procedures -- 6.4.2 Importance of pH -- 6.4.3 Drying Conditions -- 6.4.4 Viscosity -- 6.4.5 Importance of Temperature -- 6.4.6 Selection of Solvent -- 6.4.7 Plasticizers for Protein Films and Coatings -- 6.4.8 Proteins as Coatings and in Composites -- 6.4.9 Water Sensitivity of Protein Films -- 6.5 DRY FORMING OF PROTEIN FILMS -- 6.5.1 Compression Moulding -- 6.5.2 Properties of Compression-Moulded Protein-Based Films -- 6.5.3 Extrusion and Injection Moulding -- 6.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- 7 Synthesis, Chemistry and Properties of Hemicelluloses -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 STRUCTURE -- 7.3 SOURCES -- 7.3.1 Species -- 7.3.2 Distribution -- 7.3.3 Co-Constituents -- 7.4 EXTRACTION METHODOLOGY -- 7.5 MODIFICATIONS -- 7.5.1 Esterification -- 7.5.2 Etherification -- 7.5.3 Miscellaneous Treatments -- 7.6 APPLICATIONS -- 7.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- 8 Production, Chemistry and Properties of Cellulose- Based Materials -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 PRISTINE CELLULOSE AS A SOURCE OF NEW MATERIALS -- 8.2.1 All-Cellulose Composites -- 8.2.2 Cellulose Nano-Objects -- 8.2.3 Model Cellulose Films -- 8.3 NOVEL CELLULOSE SOLVENTS -- 8.4 CELLULOSE-BASED COMPOSITES AND SUPERFICIAL FIBER MODIFICATION -- 8.4.1 Composites with Pristine Fibers -- 8.4.2 Superficial Fiber Modification -- 8.5 CELLULOSE COUPLED WITH NANOPARTICLES -- 8.6 ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS -- 8.7 BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS -- 8.8 CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES -- 8.9 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- 9 Furan Monomers and their Polymers: Synthesis, Properties and Applications -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 PRECURSORS AND MONOMERS -- 9.3 POLYMERS -- 9.3.1 Chain-Growth Systems -- 9.3.2 Step-Growth Systems -- 9.3.3 The Application of the Diels-Alder Reaction to Furan Polymers -- 9.4 BIODEGRADABILITY OF FURAN POLYMERS -- 9.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Part II.

10 Food Packaging Applications of Biopolymer-Based Films -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 FOOD PACKAGING MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS -- 10.2.1 Functional Properties -- 10.2.2 Safety Issues -- 10.2.3 Environmental Aspects -- 10.3 EXAMPLES OF BIOPOLYMER APPLICATIONS FOR FOOD PACKAGING MATERIALS -- 10.3.1 Short Shelf-Life Fresh Food Packaging -- 10.3.2 Long Shelf-Life Dry or Liquid Food Packaging -- 10.4 RESEARCH DIRECTIONS AND PERSPECTIVES -- 10.4.1 Improving/Modulating Functional Properties -- 10.4.2 Active Biopolymer Packaging -- 10.4.3 Improving Safety and Stability -- 10.4.4 Towards an Integrated Approach for Biopolymer- Based Food Packaging Development -- 10.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- 11 Biopolymers for Edible Films and Coatings in Food Applications -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION -- 11.2 MATERIALS FOR EDIBLE FILMS AND COATINGS -- 11.2.1 Protein-Based Films and Coatings -- 11.2.2 Polysaccharide-Based Films and Coatings -- 11.2.3 Lipid-Based Films and Coatings -- 11.2.4 Composite/Multilayer Films -- 11.2.5 Additives -- 11.3 EDIBLE FILMS AND COATINGS FOR FOOD APPLICATIONS -- 11.3.1 Edible Coatings on Fruit and Vegetables -- 11.3.2 Edible Films and Coatings on Meat and Poultry -- 11.3.3 Edible Films and Coatings on Foods with Low Water Content -- 11.3.4 Edible Coatings on Deep Fat Frying Foods -- 11.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- 12 Biopolymer Coatings for Paper and Paperboard -- 12.1 INTRODUCTION -- 12.2 BIOPOLYMER FILMS AND COATINGS -- 12.2.1 Starches -- 12.2.2 Chitosan -- 12.2.3 Hemicelluloses -- 12.2.4 Cellulose Derivatives -- 12.3 BIO-NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS AND COATINGS -- 12.3.1 Nano-Sized Clay -- 12.3.2 Nanocellulose -- 12.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- 12.5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- 13 Agronomic Potential of Biopolymer Films -- 13.1 INTRODUCTION -- 13.2 THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS IN AGRICULTURAL FILMS.

13.3 PRESENTLY AVAILABLE BIOPOLYMERS AND BIOCOMPOSITES -- 13.4 PAST AND CURRENT INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS ON BIODEGRADABLE AGRICULTURAL FILMS -- 13.5 PRESENT APPLICATIONS OF BIOPOLYMER FILMS IN AGRICULTURE -- 13.5.1 Overview -- 13.5.2 Biodegradable Mulching -- 13.6 POTENTIAL USES: CURRENT LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE APPLICATIONS -- 13.6.1 Solarization with Biodegradable Films -- 13.6.2 Biodegradable Low Tunnels -- 13.6.3 Fruit Protecting Bags -- 13.6.4 Future Biodegradable Film Applications -- 13.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- 13.8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 14 Functionalized Biopolymer Films and Coatings for Advanced Applications -- 14.1 INTRODUCTION -- 14.2 OPTOELECTRONICS -- 14.2.1 Photovoltaics -- 14.2.2 Other Optoelectronic Devices -- 14.3 SENSORS -- 14.3.1 Chemical Sensors -- 14.3.2 Biosensors -- 14.4 MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS -- 14.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- 15 Summary and Future Perspectives -- 15.1 INTRODUCTION -- 15.2 BIOPLASTICS -- 15.3 BIO-THERMOSET RESINS -- 15.4 NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON INORGANIC NANOFILLERS -- 15.5 NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON CELLULOSE NANOFILLERS -- 15.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Index.