Front Cover -- Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate Dynamics: An Introductory Text -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- 0.1. Outline, Scope, and Rationale of the Book -- 0.2. Preface -- Chapter 1. Characteristics of the Atmosphere -- 1.1. Geometry -- 1.2. Chemical Composition of the Atmosphere -- 1.3. Physical Properties of Air -- 1.4. Problems -- Chapter 2. The Global Energy Balance -- 2.1. Planetary Emission Temperature -- 2.2. The Atmospheric Absorption Spectrum -- 2.3. The Greenhouse Effect -- 2.4. Further Reading -- 2.5. Problems -- Chapter 3. The Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere -- 3.1. Vertical Distribution of Temperature and Greenhouse Gases -- 3.2. The Relationship Between Pressure and Density: Hydrostatic Balance -- 3.3. Vertical Structure of Pressure and Density -- 3.4. Further Reading -- 3.5. Problems -- Chapter 4. Convection -- 4.1. The Nature of Convection -- 4.2. Convection in Water -- 4.3. Dry Convection in a Compressible Atmosphere -- 4.4. The Atmosphere Under Stable Conditions -- 4.5. Moist Convection -- 4.6. Convection in the Atmosphere -- 4.7. Radiative-Convective Equilibrium -- 4.8. Further Reading -- 4.9. Problems -- Chapter 5. The Meridional Structure of the Atmosphere -- 5.1. Radiative Forcing and Temperature -- 5.2. Pressure and Geopotential Height -- 5.3. Moisture -- 5.4. Winds -- 5.5. Further Reading -- 5.6. Problems -- Chapter 6. The Equations of Fluid Motion -- 6.1. Differentiation Following the Motion -- 6.2. Equation of Motion for a Nonrotating Fluid -- 6.3. Conservation of Mass -- 6.4. Thermodynamic Equation -- 6.5. Integration, Boundary Conditions, and Restrictions in Application -- 6.6. Equations of Motion for a Rotating Fluid -- 6.7. Further Reading -- 6.8. Problems -- Chapter 7. Balanced Flow -- 7.1. Geostrophic Motion -- 7.2. The Taylor-Proudman Theorem -- 7.3. The Thermal Wind Equation.

7.4. Subgeostrophic Flow: The Ekman Layer -- 7.5. Problems -- Chapter 8. The General Circulation of the Atmosphere -- 8.1. Understanding the Observed Circulation -- 8.2. A Mechanistic View of the Circulation -- 8.3. Energetics of the Thermal Wind Equation -- 8.4. Large-Scale Atmospheric Energy and Momentum Budget -- 8.5. Latitudinal Variations of Climate -- 8.6. Further Reading -- 8.7. Problems -- Chapter 9. The Ocean and Its Circulation -- 9.1. Physical Characteristics of the Ocean -- 9.2. The Observed Mean Circulation -- 9.3. Inferences from Geostrophic and Hydrostatic Balance -- 9.4. Ocean Eddies -- 9.5. Further Reading -- 9.6. Problems -- Chapter 10. The Wind-Driven Circulation -- 10.1. The Wind Stress and Ekman Layers -- 10.2. Response of the Interior Ocean to Ekman Pumping -- 10.3. The Depth-Integrated Circulation: Sverdrup Theory -- 10.4. Effects of Stratification and Topography -- 10.5. Baroclinic Instability in the Ocean -- 10.6. Further Reading -- 10.7. Problems -- Chapter 11. The Thermohaline Circulation of the Ocean -- 11.1. Air-Sea Fluxes and Surface Property Distributions -- 11.2. The Observed Thermohaline Circulation -- 11.3. Dynamical Models of the Thermohaline Circulation -- 11.4. Observations of Abyssal Ocean Circulation -- 11.5. The Ocean Heat Budget and Transport -- 11.6. Freshwater Transport by the Ocean -- 11.7. Further Reading -- 11.8. Problems -- Chapter 12. Climate and Climate Variability -- 12.1. The Ocean as a Buffer of Temperature Change -- 12.2. El Niño and the Southern Oscillation -- 12.3. Paleoclimate -- 12.4. Further Reading -- 12.5. Problems -- Appendices -- A.1. Derivations -- A.2. Mathematical Definitions and Notation -- A.3. Use of Foraminifera Shells in Paleo Climate -- A.4. Laboratory Experiments -- A.5. Figures and Access to Data Over the Web -- References -- Index -- International Geophysics Series.