CELLULAR TECHNOLOGIES FOR EMERGING MARKETS -- Contents -- Foreword 1: Role of Technology in Emerging Markets -- Foreword 2: Connecting the Unconnected -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Cellular Technology in Emerging Markets -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 ICT in Emerging Markets -- 1.3 Cellular Technologies -- 1.3.1 First Generation System -- 1.3.2 Second Generation System -- 1.3.3 Third Generation System -- 1.3.4 Fourth Generation System -- 1.4 Overview of Some Key Technologies -- 1.4.1 GSM -- 1.4.2 EGPRS -- 1.4.3 UMTS -- 1.4.4 CDMA -- 1.4.5 HSPA -- 1.4.6 LTE -- 1.4.7 OFDM -- 1.4.8 All IP Networks -- 1.4.9 Broadband Wireless Access -- 1.4.10 IMS -- 1.4.11 UMA -- 1.4.12 DVB-H -- 1.5 Future Direction -- 2 GSM and EGPRS -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 GSM Technology -- 2.2.1 GSM Network -- 2.2.2 Signalling and Interfaces in the GSM Network -- 2.2.3 Channel Structure in the GSM -- 2.3 Network Planning in the GSM Network -- 2.3.1 Network Planning Process -- 2.3.2 Radio Network Planning and Optimization -- 2.3.3 Transmission Network Planning and Optimization -- 2.3.4 Core Network Planning and Optimization -- 2.4 EGPRS Technology -- 2.4.1 EGPRS Network Elements -- 2.4.2 Interfaces in the EGPRS Network -- 2.4.3 Channels in the EGPRS Network -- 2.4.4 Coding Schemes -- 2.5 EGPRS Network Design and Optimization -- 2.5.1 Parameter Tuning -- 3 UMTS -- 3.1 The 3G Evolution - UMTS -- 3.2 UMTS Services and Applications -- 3.2.1 Teleservices -- 3.2.2 Bearer Services -- 3.2.3 Supplementary Services -- 3.2.4 Service Capabilities -- 3.3 UMTS Bearer Service QoS Parameters -- 3.4 QoS Classes -- 3.4.1 Conversational Class -- 3.4.2 Streaming Class -- 3.4.3 Interactive Class -- 3.4.4 Background Class -- 3.5 WCDMA Concepts -- 3.5.1 Spreading and De-Spreading -- 3.5.2 Code Channels -- 3.5.3 Processing Gain -- 3.5.4 Cell Breathing -- 3.5.5 Handover -- 3.5.6 Power Control.

3.5.7 Channels in WCDMA -- 3.5.8 Rate Matching -- 3.6 ATM -- 3.6.1 ATM Cell -- 3.6.2 Virtual Channels and Virtual Paths -- 3.6.3 Protocol Reference Model -- 3.6.4 Performance of the ATM (QoS Parameters) -- 3.6.5 Planning of ATM Networks -- 3.7 Protocol Stack -- 3.8 WCDMA Network Architecture - Radio and Core -- 3.8.1 Radio Network -- 3.8.2 Core Network -- 3.9 Network Planning in 3G -- 3.9.1 Dimensioning -- 3.9.2 Load Factor -- 3.9.3 Dimensioning in the Transmission and Core Networks -- 3.9.4 Radio Resource Management -- 3.10 Network Optimization -- 3.10.1 Coverage and Capacity Enhancements -- 4 CDMA -- 4.1 Introduction to CDMA -- 4.2 CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access -- 4.3 Spread Spectrum Technique -- 4.3.1 Direct Sequence CDMA -- 4.3.2 Frequency Hopping CDMA -- 4.3.3 Time Hopping CDMA -- 4.4 Codes in CDMA System -- 4.4.1 Walsh Codes -- 4.4.2 PN Codes -- 4.5 Link Structure -- 4.5.1 Forward Link -- 4.5.2 Reverse Link -- 4.6 Radio Resource Management -- 4.6.1 Call Processing -- 4.6.2 Power Control -- 4.6.3 Handoff -- 4.7 Planning a CDMA Network -- 4.7.1 Capacity Planning -- 4.7.2 Parameters in a CDMA Network -- 4.8 CDMA2000 -- 4.8.1 CDMA2000 1X -- 4.8.2 CDMA2000 1XEV-DO Technologies -- 4.8.3 Channel Structure in CDMA2000 -- 4.8.4 Power Control -- 4.8.5 Soft Handoff -- 4.8.6 Transmit Diversity -- 4.8.7 Security -- 4.8.8 CDMA2000 Network Architecture -- 4.8.9 Key Network Elements (CDMA2000) -- 4.8.10 Interfaces of the CDMA2000 Network -- 4.8.11 Call Set Up Processes -- 4.9 TD-SCDMA -- 4.9.1 Services in TD-SCDMA -- 4.9.2 Network Planning and Optimization -- 5 HSPA and LTE -- 5.1 HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) -- 5.1.1 Introduction to HSPA -- 5.1.2 Standardization of HSPA -- 5.2 HSDPA Technology -- 5.2.1 WCDMA to HSDPA -- 5.2.2 HSDPA Protocol Structure -- 5.2.3 User Equipment -- 5.3 HSDPA Channels -- 5.3.1 HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel).

5.3.2 HS-SCCH (High Speed Shared Control Channel) -- 5.3.3 HS-DPCCH (High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel) -- 5.4 Dimensioning in HSDPA -- 5.5 Radio Resource Management in HSDPA -- 5.5.1 Physical Layer Operations -- 5.5.2 Adaptive Modulation and Coding Scheme -- 5.5.3 Power Control -- 5.5.4 H-ARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest) -- 5.5.5 Fast Packet Scheduling -- 5.5.6 Code Multiplexing -- 5.5.7 Handover -- 5.5.8 Resource Allocation -- 5.5.9 Admission Control -- 5.6 High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) -- 5.6.1 HSUPA Technology -- 5.6.2 HSUPA Protocol Structure -- 5.6.3 HSUPA User Terminal -- 5.7 HSUPA Channels -- 5.7.1 E-DPDCH -- 5.7.2 E-DPCCH -- 5.7.3 E-AGCH -- 5.7.4 E-RGCH -- 5.7.5 E-HICH -- 5.8 HSUPA Radio Resource Management -- 5.8.1 HARQ -- 5.8.2 Scheduling -- 5.8.3 Soft Handover -- 5.9 HSPA Network Dimensioning -- 5.10 LTE (Long Term Evolution) -- 5.10.1 Introduction to LTE -- 5.11 LTE Technology -- 5.11.1 Access Technology -- 5.11.2 LTE Network Architecture -- 5.11.3 Channel Structure -- 5.11.4 LTE Protocol Structure -- 5.12 Radio Resource Management -- 5.13 Security in LTE -- 5.13.1 Network Access Security -- 6 OFDM and All-IP -- 6.1 Introduction to OFDM -- 6.2 OFDM Principles -- 6.2.1 Frequency Division Multiplexing -- 6.2.2 Orthogonality -- 6.2.3 Modulation in OFDM -- 6.2.4 Inter-Symbol and Inter-Carrier Interference -- 6.2.5 Cyclic Prefix -- 6.2.6 Coded OFDM (C-OFDM) -- 6.3 MIMO Technology -- 6.3.1 MIMO System -- 6.3.2 MIMO Mode of Operation -- 6.4 OFDM System -- 6.4.1 OFDM Variants -- 6.5 Design of OFDM Channel -- 6.6 Multi-User OFDM Environment -- 6.7 All-IP Networks -- 6.7.1 Core/IP Network Evolution in Cellular Networks -- 6.7.2 Advantages of All-IP Network -- 6.8 Architecture of All-IP Networks -- 7 Broadband Wireless Access: WLAN, Wi-Fi and WiMAX -- 7.1 Wireless Technology Differentiation.

7.1.1 Broadband Wireless Access -- 7.1.2 IEEE 802.16 -- 7.1.3 BWA Technologies -- 7.2 Wireless LAN -- 7.2.1 IEEE 802.11 -- 7.2.2 Channel Structure -- 7.2.3 Efficient Channel Sharing -- 7.2.4 Parameters in WLAN Planning -- 7.2.5 Coverage and Capacity in WLAN -- 7.2.6 Security and Authentication -- 7.2.7 WLAN Network Architecture -- 7.2.8 WLAN Network Types -- 7.2.9 Network Planning in WLAN -- 7.3 Wi-Fi Networks -- 7.3.1 Introduction to Wi-Fi Technology -- 7.3.2 Wi-Fi Network Architecture -- 7.3.3 Wi-Fi Network Design -- 7.4 WiMAX Networks -- 7.4.1 Introduction to WiMAX -- 7.4.2 OFDMA: Modulation in WiMAX -- 7.4.3 WiMAX Network Architecture -- 7.4.4 Protocol Layers in WiMAX -- 7.4.5 Security -- 7.4.6 Mobility Management -- 7.4.7 Network Design in WiMAX -- 8 Convergence and IP Multimedia Sub-System -- 8.1 Introduction to Convergence -- 8.2 Key Aspects of Convergent Systems -- 8.2.1 Types of Convergence -- 8.2.2 Applications -- 8.3 Architecture in Convergent Networks -- 8.3.1 Business and Operator Support Networks -- 8.3.2 Technology -- 8.4 IMS -- 8.4.1 Introduction to IMS -- 8.4.2 IMS Development -- 8.4.3 Applications of IMS -- 8.5 IMS Architecture -- 8.5.1 Service or Application Layer -- 8.5.2 Control Layer -- 8.5.3 Connectivity or Transport Layer -- 8.5.4 IMS Core Site -- 8.5.5 Functions and Interface in IMS -- 8.5.6 Reference Points -- 8.5.7 Protocol Structure in IMS -- 8.6 IMS Security System -- 8.7 IMS Charging -- 8.7.1 Offline Charging -- 8.7.2 Online Charging -- 8.8 Service Provisioning in IMS -- 8.8.1 Registration in IMS -- 8.8.2 De-Registration in IMS -- 9 Unlicensed Mobile Access -- 9.1 Introduction to UMA -- 9.1.1 History and Evolution of UMA -- 9.1.2 Benefits of UMA -- 9.2 Working on UMA Network -- 9.3 Architecture of UMA -- 9.4 Up Interface in UMA -- 9.5 Protocols in UMA -- 9.5.1 Standard IP-Based Protocol -- 9.5.2 UMA Specific Protocols.

9.6 Security Mechanism of UMA -- 9.7 Identifiers and Cell Identifiers in UMA -- 9.8 Mode and PLMN Selection -- 9.8.1 Mode Selection -- 9.8.2 PLMN Selection -- 9.9 UMAN Discovery and Registration Procedures -- 9.9.1 Registration -- 9.9.2 De-Registration -- 9.9.3 Registration Update -- 9.9.4 'Keep Alive' -- 9.10 UNC Blocks -- 9.11 Comparison between Femtocells and UMA -- 9.12 Conclusion -- 10 DVB-H -- 10.1 Mobile Television -- 10.1.1 Bearer Technologies for Handheld TV -- 10.1.2 Service Technology for Handheld TV -- 10.2 Introduction to DVB -- 10.2.1 Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial -- 10.2.2 Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld -- 10.2.3 History of DVB-H -- 10.3 DVB-H Ecosystem -- 10.4 DVB-H System Technology -- 10.4.1 Time Slicing -- 10.4.2 IPDC (Internet Protocol Datacasting) -- 10.4.3 MPE/FEC (Multiple Protocol Encapsulation/Forward Error Correction) -- 10.4.4 Protocol Stack for DVB-H -- 10.4.5 4k Mode and In-Depth Interleavers -- 10.4.6 Multiplexing and Modulation -- 10.4.7 DVB-H Signalling -- 10.4.8 SFN -- 10.4.9 Power Consumption -- 10.4.10 Signal Quality in DVB-H Networks -- 10.5 DVB-H Network Architecture -- 10.5.1 Content Provider -- 10.5.2 Datacast Operator -- 10.5.3 Service Operator -- 10.5.4 Broadcast Network Operators -- 10.6 DVB-H Network Topologies -- 10.6.1 Multiplexing - DVB-T and DVB-H Networks -- 10.6.2 Dedicated DVB-H Networks -- 10.6.3 Hierarchal DVB-T and DVB-H Networks -- 10.7 Network Design in the DVB-H Network -- 10.7.1 Site Planning -- 10.7.2 Coverage Planning -- Appendix A VAS Applications -- A.1 Multimedia Messaging Service -- A.2 Push-to-Talk over Cellular -- A.3 Streaming Service -- A.4 Short Message Service -- A.5 Wireless Application Protocol -- Appendix B Energy in Telecommunications -- B.1 The Solution Exists - But It's Not Very Good -- B.2 Renewable Energy - a Better Solution -- B.2.1 Solar -- B.2.2 Wind.

B.2.3 Biofuels.