Cover -- Series page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- From Translation to Translation Studies -- Translation Studies Today -- Organization of the Companion -- Current Trends and New Directions -- References and Further Reading -- Part I: Approaches to Translation -- Histories and Theories -- 1: The Changing Landscape of Translation and Interpreting Studies -- Representation -- Minority-Majority Relations -- Globalization, the Global Economy, and Global Resistance -- Future Directions -- References and Further Reading -- 2: Philosophical/Theoretical Approaches to Translation -- Translation and the Transfer of Mental Content -- Anthropological and Philosophical Challenges -- Transformative Possibilities of Translation on the Target Language -- Translation as a Window onto a Foreign World -- Translation as Re-creation -- The Same Message in a Different Code -- Translation as the Afterlife of the Original -- The Ethics of Translation -- The Indeterminacy of Translation -- After After Babel -- References and Further Reading -- 3: Philosophy in Translation -- Vernaculars -- Philosophy and Ordinary Language -- Enthralled: Translation and Language Anxiety -- Untranslatability -- References and Further Reading -- 4: Variations on Translation -- References and Further Reading -- Methodologies -- 5: Text Analysis and Translation -- Introduction -- Language, Linguistics, and Translation -- Contrastive Stylistics and the Metalanguage of Translation -- Equivalence of Meaning -- Functional Parameters -- "Discourse Analysis" and Translation -- Translation Universals -- References and Further Reading -- 6: The Sociology of Translation: A New Research Domain -- Introduction -- Translation as a Profession -- Translation as a Cultural Practice: Interactionism vs. Field Theory.

Center and Periphery: Asymmetrical Flows of Translation -- The Social Functions of Translation: Political, Economic, and Literary Fields -- The Social Conditions of the International Circulation of Ideas -- Epistemology of the Human and Social Sciences -- Conclusion -- References and Further Reading -- 7: Style in, and of, Translation -- Style, Meaning, and Translation -- Translations and Translators as Stylistic Domains -- Methodological Implications -- References and Further Reading -- 8: Translation as Higher-Order Text Processing -- Introduction -- Constituents of the Translation Process -- Text comprehension -- Text production -- Transfer -- Translation as Cross-Language Text Processing -- References and Further Reading -- 9: Multimodality in Translation and Interpreting Studies: Theoretical and Methodological Perspectives -- Non-Verbal Semiotics in Traditional Textualities -- Non-Verbal Semiotics in Digital Textualities -- From Semiotics to Multimodality -- Concluding Remarks -- References and Further Reading -- Technologies -- 10: Machine Translation: A Tale of Two Cultures -- The Golden Age, 1954−1960 -- Decline and Fall: The ALPAC Report and its Aftermath -- MT Today -- References and Further Reading -- 11: Localization and the (R)evolution of Translation -- Introduction -- The Digital Revolution and the Advent of Mass-Market Software -- Localization: A Problem of Reuse -- Complexity -- From Localization to Internationalization -- Object Orientation -- Localization Moves from the Desktop to the Web -- The Shift from Documents to Content, "Chunking," and Single-Source Publishing -- References and Further Reading -- Part II: Translation in a Global Context -- Intercultural Perspectives on Translation -- 12: Cultural Hegemony and the Erosion of Translation Communities -- Translation as a Cross-Cultural Concept.

Containing Translation: Social Restraints on Translational Challenges of Culture -- Current Shifts in Translation as a Cross-Cultural Concept -- Epistemicide, Translation, and the Future of Cross-Cultural Concepts -- References and Further Reading -- 13: Translation as Intercultural Communication: Views from the Chinese Discourse on Translation -- Clarification of Terms -- "Intercultural communication" and "cross-cultural communication" -- Intercultural communication studies and translation studies -- Translation as a form of cross-cultural communication and translation as a form of intercultural communication -- Traditional Chinese Discourse on Translation as Intercultural Communication -- Assimilation, or the use of local names and terms as designations for names and terms of a foreign religion -- Cultural convergence, or why "not-translated" (transliterated) terms are needed -- Separation but not self-alienation, or "Five Guidelines for Not-Translating a Term" -- The Significance of these Passages for Practicing Translators and Translation Theorists -- References and Further Reading -- 14: Arabic and Translation: Key Moments in Trans-Cultural Connection -- Introduction -- Damascus (Eighth Century) -- Baghdad (Ninth-Tenth Centuries) -- Al-Andalus (Tenth-Thirteenth Centuries) -- Beirut and Cairo (Nineteenth Century) -- Conclusion -- References and Further Reading -- 15: Worlds Without Translation: Premodern East Asia and the Power of Character Scripts -- Alphabetic Triumphalism -- The Power of the Chinese Script in East Asia -- Literary opportunities -- Worlds without translation: kundoku and "brush talk" -- Beyond efficiency: scripts and the trajectory of literary traditions -- A Script for Translation Studies? -- References and Further Reading -- 16: Global and Local Languages -- Global and Local Languages as Universal Constructs.

Against Universalism: Global English and Local Languages in the Era of Globalization -- Translation in the Era of Globalization -- Conclusion -- References and Further Reading -- Translation and the Postcolonial -- 17: What Is Special about Postcolonial Translation? -- References and Further Reading -- 18: Postcolonial Issues in Translation: The African Context -- Introduction: The "Postcolonial Turn" in Translation Studies -- Writing-as-Translation -- Criticism of African Literature in Translation -- Translation Selection and the Languages of Translation -- Conclusions -- References and Further Reading -- 19: Postcolonial Issues: Translating Testimony, Arbitrating Justice -- References and Further Reading -- Identities in Translation -- 20: Translocation: Translation, Migration, and the Relocation of Cultures -- Introduction -- Migration, a Metaphor for Translation -- Migration, Language, Translation -- Translation and the Staging of Migrant Identity -- Translocation and Translating Migrant Subjectivities -- Conclusion -- References and Further Reading -- 21: Performing Translation -- The Theater of Translation -- "Doing the Discipline": Austin's "Performative" -- Translation and Derrida's Drama of Iterability -- "Doing Gender": Translation and Butler's "Performativity" -- "Doing Ethics": Performing Translation -- References and Further Reading -- 22: Queering Translation -- References and Further Reading -- 23: How Adolfo Caminha's Bom-Crioulo Was "Outed" through its Translated Paratext -- References and Further Reading -- 24: Self-Translation -- Why (Not) Self-Translate? -- Process -- Product -- References and Further Reading -- 25: Translated Literature and the Role of the Reader -- Introduction -- Readers as Agents -- Reading Within -- Reading Across -- Reading Between -- Reading Among -- Reading Against -- Reading Beyond.

References and Further Reading -- Translation and Comparative World Literature -- 26: Translation and National Literature -- References and Further Reading -- 27: Poetic Innovation and Appropriative Translation in the Americas -- I -- II -- References and Further Reading -- 28: Majnun Layla: Translation as Transposition -- The Traces of Majnun in Arabic Works -- A Persian Rendering of Majnun Layla -- References and Further Reading -- 29: Benjamin's Proust: Commentary and Translation -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- V -- References and Further Reading -- 30: A Crisis of Translation: Early European Encounters with Japan -- References and Further Reading -- 31: Revisiting Re-translation: Re-creation and Historical Re-vision -- The Translation Paradox -- Why Re-Translate? -- Translation and Re-creation -- Bringing a Language into the Modern Era -- How a Translation Becomes Part of the Canon -- Back to the Future: The Enduring Power of Re-translation -- Acknowledgment -- References and Further Reading -- 32: Reading Literature in Translation -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- References and Further Reading -- Part III: Genres of Translation -- Varieties of Translation Practice -- 33: The Expository Translator -- References and Further Reading -- 34: Varieties of English for the Literary Translator -- National Variants -- Other Variants -- Regional Variants -- Slang and Colloquial Variants -- Stylistic Variants -- Formal Variants -- Chronological Variants -- Conclusion -- References and Further Reading -- 35: Tragedy and Translation -- I The Translator as Ghost Whisperer -- II First Moments in Unfamiliarity -- III Ghosts Who Speak "For Us" -- IV Future Echoes -- References and Further Reading -- 36: The Go-Betweens: Leah Goldberg, Yehuda Amichai, and the Figure of the Poet-Translator -- References and Further Reading.

37: Translation and Film: Dubbing, Subtitling, Adaptation, and Remaking.