e9780123984678v1 -- Front Cover -- Polyphenols in Human Health and Disease -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Volume 1: Polyphenols in Chronic Diseases and their Mechanisms of Action -- 1 Overview of Polyphenols and Health -- 1 Polyphenols in Foods and Dietary Supplements: Role in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health -- 1 Animal Models and Potential Medicinal Uses of Polyphenols -- 1.1 Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Polyphenols in Rats -- 1.2 Analgesic Effects of Polyphenols in Rats -- 2 Companion Animals -- 2.1 Cats: Obesity as Modified by Polyphenols -- 2.2 Dogs: Gene Expression as Modified by Polyphenol Extracts -- 3 Produce Animals -- 3.1 Swine: Effects of Polyphenols on the Immune System -- 3.2 Cattle: Supplementing Cattle Feed with Pomegranate Peel -- 4 Conclusion -- Key Points -- References -- 2 Polyphenols and Public Health -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Polyphenol Content and Sources: Role in Health and Nutrition -- 2.1 Polyphenols in Foods -- 2.2 Polyphenols in Beverages -- 3 Epidemiology of Polyphenols -- 3.1 Polyphenols in Selected Cohort Studies -- 3.2 Polyphenols in Selected Case-Control Studies -- 3.3 Polyphenols in Selected Intervention Studies -- 3.4 Future Epidemiologic Research on Polyphenols -- 4 Application of Polyphenols in Health Promotion -- 4.1 Polyphenols in Primary Prevention -- 4.2 Polyphenols in Secondary Prevention -- 4.3 Polyphenols in Tertiary Prevention -- 4.4 Future Application of Polyphenols to Health Promotion -- 5 Governmental Regulations: Dietary Reference Intake -- 5.1 Governmental Regulations: Dietary Supplements -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 3 The History of Islamic Medicine at a Glance -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History of Islamic Medicine in the East Section of the Geographic Extent of the Islamic Civilization.

2.1 Some of the Great Physicians of Islamic Civilization before the Mongol Invasion -- 2.2 Other Renowned Physicians of Islamic Civilization before the Mongol Invasion Whose Name and Works Will Only be Mentioned -- 2.3 Some of the Great Physicians of the Post-Mongolian Era -- 2.4 Some of the Great Physicians Who Emerged in the Islamic World during the Timurid Era -- 2.5 Some of the Great Physicians Who Emerged During the Safavid Era -- 2.6 Some of the Great Physicians Who Emerged in the Islamic Countries in the Afsharid Era -- 3 History of Islamic Medicine in the West Section of the Geographic Extent of the Islamic Civilization -- 3.1 Great Physicians of the Fourth Century -- 3.2 Great Physicians of the Fifth Century -- 3.3 Great Physicians of the Sixth Century -- 3.4 Great Physicians of the Seventh Century -- 3.5 Great Physicians of the Eighth Century -- 3.6 Great Physicians of the Ninth Century -- 3.7 Great Physicians of the Eleventh Century -- 4 History of the Hospitals in the Islamic Civilization -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Polyphenols and Their Formulations: Different Strategies to Overcome the Drawbacks Associated with Their Poor Stability a... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stability of Polyphenols: Formulation Approaches -- 2.1 Physical Methods -- 2.1.1 Spray-Drying -- 2.1.2 Encapsulation Processes Using Supercritical Fluids -- 2.2 Physico-Chemical Methods -- 2.2.1 Coacervation -- 2.2.2 Ionic Gelation -- 2.2.3 Emulsions -- 2.2.4 Vesicles -- 2.3 Chemical Methods -- 2.3.1 In Situ Polymerization -- 2.4 Other Stabilization Methods -- 2.4.1 Inclusion Encapsulation in Cyclodextrins -- 2.4.2 Freeze-Drying -- 2.4.3 Polymer Post-Loading Approach -- 3 Bioavailability of Polyphenols -- 3.1 Formulations to Improve Water Solubility -- 3.2 Formulation Approaches to Overcome Limitations Associated with Polyphenols High Metabolism -- 4 Conclusions.

References -- 5 Biological Activities of Polyphenols from Grapes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Distribution and Occurrence of Different Types of Phenolic Compounds in Grape -- 3 Bioactivities of Phenolic Compounds from Grape -- 3.1 Antioxidant -- 3.2 Cardiovascular Protective -- 3.3 Anticancer -- 3.4 Neuroprotective Agent -- 3.5 Anti-Inflammation -- 3.6 Antimicrobial -- 3.7 Anti-Aging -- 3.8 Other Activities -- 4 Bioavailability -- 5 Potential Toxicity -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 6 The Atomic Level Interaction of Polyphenols with the Aβ Oligomer Aggregate, A Molecular Dynamic Guidance for Rational Dru... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Polyphenolic Compounds for Treating Alzheimer's Disease -- 3 Molecular Dynamics Simulations -- 3.1 MD Simulation Studies of the Interaction of Small Molecules with Amyloid Peptides -- 4 Free Energy Calculation in the Structure-Based Designing of Aβ Aggregation Inhibitors -- 5 MD Simulation Studies of the Interaction of Polyphenols with Aβ Aggregates -- 5.1 Set Up of Aβ Pentamer Double Layer Structure in Complex with Polyphenols -- 5.2 Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Polyphenol-Aβ Pentamer Double Layer Complexes -- 5.3 Structural Stability of the Aβ Wild Type and Its Complex with Polyphenols -- 5.4 Energetic Analysis of the Binding -- 6 Prospects and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 Polyphenols as Supplements in Foods and Beverages: Recent Methods, Benefits and Risks -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods for Supplement Preparation -- 3 Formulations Using Polyphenols -- 4 Benefits of Polyphenol Consumption: Experimental Data -- 5 Noxious Activities Induced by Polyphenols: An Intriguing Issue -- 6 Concluding Remarks and Future Challenges -- References -- 2 Polyphenols in Therapy of Obesity and Diabetes -- 2.1 Polyphenols and Diabetes -- 8 Anthocyanins and Diabetes Regulation -- 1 Introduction.

2 Chemical Properties of Anthocyanins -- 3 Dietary Anthocyanin Sources -- 4 Anthocyanin Bioavailability -- 5 Antidiabetic Effects of Anthocyanins and the Underlying Mechanisms -- 5.1 Amelioration of Oxidative Stress -- 5.2 Anti-Inflammatory Effects -- 5.3 Pancreatic β-Cell Cytoprotection -- 5.4 Hypoglycemic Action -- 5.5 Regulation of Lipid Metabolism -- 6 Conclusion and Perspective -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Influence of Dietary Polyphenols on Carbohydrate Metabolism -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Polyphenols and Glycemic Responses -- 3 Polyphenols and Carbohydrate Digestion/Absorption -- 3.1 Polyphenols and α-Amylase -- 3.2 Polyphenols and α-Glucosidase -- 3.3 Polyphenols and Intestinal Glucose Absorption -- 3.4 Polyphenols and Incretins -- 4 Polyphenols and Pancreatic β-Cell Function -- 4.1 Observations in vitro -- 4.2 Observations in vivo -- 4.3 Polyphenols and Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced β-cell Damage -- 4.4 Polyphenols and Islet Amyloid Polypeptide -- 5 Polyphenols and Hepatic Glucose Homeostasis -- 5.1 Observations In Vitro -- 5.2 Observations In Vivo -- 6 Polyphenols and Peripheral Glucose Uptake -- 6.1 Polyphenols and GLUT4 -- 6.2 Polyphenols and GLUT1 -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Polyphenols in Ayurvedic Medicine and Type 2 Diabetes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Components of Polyphenols -- 3 Type 2 Diabetes -- 4 Ayurvedic Herbal Remedies for Diabetics that Contain Polyphenols -- 4.1 Cinnamomum cassia (Cinnamon) -- 4.2 Curcuma longa (Turmeric) -- 4.3 Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) -- 4.4 Glymnema sylvestre (Gurmar) -- 4.5 Aloe vera -- 4.6 Momordica charantia -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 11 Antidiabetic and Anticancer Potential of Native Medicinal Plants from Saudi Arabia -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 General Use of Natural Health Products in Saudi Arabia.

1.2 Prevalence and Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer in Saudi Arabia -- 1.3 Overview of Ethnobotany of Saudi Arabia -- 1.4 Secondary Metabolites/Bioactive Compounds -- 1.5 Oxidative Stress -- 1.5.1 Endogenous and Exogenous Antioxidants -- 2 Diabetes Mellitus -- 2.1 Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Complications -- 2.2 Use of Natural Health Products in Saudi Arabia in Relation to Diabetes -- 2.3 Capparidaceae (Caper Family) -- 2.3.1 Capparis spinosa -- 2.3.1.1 Chemical Compounds of Capparis spinosa -- 2.3.1.2 Capparis spinosa and antidiabetic Effects In Vitro -- 2.3.1.3 Capparis spinosa and Antidiabetic Effects In Vivo -- 2.3.2 Capparis decidua -- 2.3.2.1 Chemical Compounds of Capparis decidua -- 2.3.2.2 Capparis decidua and antidiabetic Effects In Vitro -- 2.3.2.3 Capparis decidua and antidiabetic Effects In Vivo -- 2.4 Diabetes Summary -- 3 Cancer -- 3.1 Biology of Cancer -- 3.2 Use of Natural Health Products in Saudi Arabia in Relation to Cancer -- 3.3 Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed Family) -- 3.3.1 Calotropis procera -- 3.3.1.1 Chemical Compounds of Calotropis procera -- 3.3.1.2 Calotropis procera and anticancer Effects In Vitro -- 3.3.1.3 Calotropis procera and anticancer Effects In Vivo -- 3.3.2 Caralluma tuberculata -- 3.3.2.1 Chemical Compounds of Caralluma tuberculata -- 3.3.2.2 Caralluma tuberculata and Anti-cancer Effects In Vitro -- 3.3.2.3 Caralluma tuberculata Cancer-related Effects In Vivo -- 3.5 Cancer Summary -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- 2.2 Polyphenols and Obesity -- 12 Prevention of Diet-Induced Obesity by Dietary Polyphenols Derived from Nelumbo nucifera and Black Tea -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Obesity -- 1.2 Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nymphaceae) -- 1.2.1 The Effect of NN Leaves Extract on Metabolic Enzymes and Lipolysis -- 1.2.2 Identification of the Active Polyphenolic Compounds from the NN Leaves Extract.

2 Black Tea Polyphenols.