Background -- Gender-specific disease: descriptive analysis -- Gender-specific disease: prescriptive analysis -- Gender-specific disease: contextual analysis -- An integrative approach to gender-specific disease -- Rethinking gender-specific disease nomenclature and taxonomies -- Toward an integrative bioethics -- Integrative bioethics and assessing gender-specific disease -- Implications for health care for men, children, and members of the lgbt communities -- Some lessons and challenges -- Concluding reflections.