BOOK COVER -- TITLE -- COPYRIGHT -- CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW: FROM AFRICAN ROOTS TO WORLD WAR II -- THE EARLY HISTORY OF BLACKS IN THE AMERICAS -- SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES -- FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS AND ABOLITIONISM -- THE CIVIL WAR ERA -- RECONSTRUCTION AND AFTER -- THE AGE OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON -- THE IMPACT OF WORLD WAR I AND AFRICAN AMERICAN MIGRATION TO THE NORTH -- THE GARVEY MOVEMENT AND THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE -- AFRICAN AMERICAN LIFE DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE NEW DEAL -- CHAPTER 2 AFRICAN ROOTS: CULTURES AND KINGDOMS -- TRADITIONAL CULTURE OF THE WESTERN SUDAN -- SOCIAL ORGANIZATION -- BELIEF SYSTEMS -- TRADITIONAL CULTURE OF THE GUINEA COAST -- THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE PEOPLE -- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF TRADE AND POLITICS -- KINGDOMS AND CHIEFDOMS OF GUINEA -- KIN GROUPS AND OTHER ASSOCIATIONS -- BELIEF SYSTEMS -- KINGDOMS, EMPIRES, AND CENTRES -- GHANA -- KANEM-BORNU -- KATSINA -- MALI -- WOLOF EMPIRE -- TIMBUKTU -- HAUSA STATES -- SONGHAI EMPIRE -- KINGDOM OF BAGIRMI -- GORÉE ISLAND -- OYO EMPIRE -- DJENNÉ -- ASANTE EMPIRE -- KAZEMBE -- FULANI EMPIRE -- LUNDA EMPIRE -- LUBA-LUNDA STATES -- KASANJE -- MATAMBA -- NDONGO -- KONGO -- SUMMARY -- CHAPTER 3 AFRICAN ROOTS: ART -- AFRICAN VISUAL ART: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS, STYLE, TRIBE, AND ETHNIC IDENTITY -- REPRESENTATIVE WESTERN AFRICAN TRADITIONS IN VISUAL ART -- FON -- IFE AND YORUBA -- IGBO -- FULANI -- NUPE -- ORAL TRADITIONS -- THE NATURE OF STORYTELLING -- THE RIDDLE -- THE LYRIC -- THE PROVERB -- THE TALE -- HEROIC POETRY -- THE EPIC -- PRAISE SONG -- CHAPTER 4 RACE AND RACISM -- THE MANY MEANINGS OF "RACE" -- "RACE" AS MECHANISM OF SOCIAL DIVISION IN NORTH AMERICA -- THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RACISM AND ETHNOCENTRISM -- THE HISTORY OF THE IDEA OF RACE -- THE PROBLEM OF LABOUR IN THE NEW WORLD -- THE ENSLAVEMENT AND RACIALIZATION OF AFRICANS.

HUMAN RIGHTS VERSUS PROPERTY RIGHTS -- BUILDING THE MYTH OF BLACK INFERIORITY -- ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHERS AND SYSTEMATISTS -- SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF RACE -- THE INSTITUTIONALIZING OF RACE -- TRANSFORMING "RACE" INTO "SPECIES" -- THE FALSE ASSUMPTIONS OF ANTHROPOMETRY -- THE INFLUENCE OF FRANZ BOAS -- MENDELIAN HEREDITY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS -- "RACE" AND INTELLIGENCE -- EUROPEAN CONSTRUCTIONS OF RACE AND THEIR LEGACY IN AMERICA -- THE GERMANIC MYTH AND ENGLISH CONSTRUCTIONS OF AN ANGLO-SAXON PAST -- GOBINEAU'S ESSAY ON THE INEQUALITY OF HUMAN RACES -- GALTON AND SPENCER -- CONQUEST AND THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE CONQUERED -- "RACE" AND THE REALITY OF HUMAN PHYSICAL VARIATION -- MODERN SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATIONS OF HUMAN BIOLOGICAL VARIATION -- THE SCIENTIFIC DEBATE OVER "RACE" -- SUMMARY -- CHAPTER 5 SLAVERY, ABOLITIONISM, AND RECONSTRUCTION -- SLAVERY -- ORIGINS OF SLAVERY IN THE UNITED STATES -- THE LAW AND NATURE OF AMERICAN SLAVERY -- SLAVE PROTEST -- FUGITIVE SLAVE ACTS -- SLAVE REVOLTS -- ABOLITIONISM -- RECONSTRUCTION -- CHAPTER 6 LAW AND SOCIETY -- OPPRESSION AND OPPRESSORS -- BLACK CODES -- MEMPHIS RACE RIOT -- NEW ORLEANS RACE RIOT -- KU KLUX KLAN -- LYNCHING -- GRANDFATHER CLAUSE -- BROWNSVILLE AFFAIR -- SPRINGFIELD RACE RIOT -- EAST SAINT LOUIS RACE RIOT OF 1917 -- CHICAGO RACE RIOT OF 1919 -- SCOTTSBORO CASE -- SUMMARY -- ORGANIZING AND ORGANIZATIONS -- UNION LEAGUE -- AMERICAN EQUAL RIGHTS ASSOCIATION (AERA) -- ATLANTA COMPROMISE -- NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COLORED WOMEN (NACW) -- NIAGARA MOVEMENT -- NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE (NAACP) -- NATIONAL URBAN LEAGUE -- UNIVERSAL NEGRO IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATION (UNIA) -- NATIONAL COUNCIL OF NEGRO WOMEN (NCNW) -- SUMMARY -- PRIMARY SOURCES -- JOHN E. BRUCE: AFRICAN AMERICAN PLEA FOR ORGANIZED RESISTANCE TO WHITE MEN.

FREDERICK DOUGLASS: THE COLOR LINE IN AMERICA -- W.E.B. DU BOIS: WHAT AFRICAN AMERICANS WANT -- HENRY B. BROWN AND JOHN MARSHALL HARLAN: PLESSY V. FERGUSON -- BOOKER T. WASHINGTON: THE ROAD TO AFRICAN AMERICAN PROGRESS -- IDA B. WELLS-BARNETT: LYNCHING AND THE EXCUSE FOR IT -- CHAPTER 7 RELIGION -- AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH -- AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL ZION CHURCH -- AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION (AMA) -- CHRISTIAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH -- NATIONAL BAPTIST CONVENTION, U.S.A., INC. -- CHURCH OF GOD AND SAINTS OF CHRIST -- NATIONAL PRIMITIVE BAPTIST CONVENTION, INC. -- MOORISH SCIENCE TEMPLE OF AMERICA -- NATIONAL BAPTIST CONVENTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, INC. -- APOSTOLIC OVERCOMING HOLY CHURCH OF GOD -- PEACE MISSION -- SUMMARY -- CHAPTER 8 EDUCATION -- ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL UNIVERSITY -- ALABAMA STATE UNIVERSITY -- ALCORN STATE UNIVERSITY -- CHICAGO STATE UNIVERSITY -- DELAWARE STATE UNIVERSITY -- UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA -- FISK UNIVERSITY -- FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL UNIVERSITY -- GRAMBLING STATE UNIVERSITY -- HAMPTON UNIVERSITY -- HOWARD UNIVERSITY -- KENTUCKY STATE UNIVERSITY -- LANGSTON UNIVERSITY -- LINCOLN UNIVERSITY -- MOREHOUSE COLLEGE -- MORGAN STATE UNIVERSITY -- OBERLIN COLLEGE -- SOUTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY -- SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY -- SPELMAN COLLEGE -- TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY -- TUSKEGEE UNIVERSITY -- VIRGINIA STATE UNIVERSITY -- WILBERFORCE UNIVERSITY -- SUMMARY -- CHAPTER 9 LITERATURE AND THE ARTS -- AFRICAN AMERICAN LITERATURE TO THE 1940S -- SLAVE NARRATIVES -- PROSE, DRAMA, AND POETRY -- ORAL TRADITION -- TRICKSTER TALE -- THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION -- THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES -- THE RISE OF THE NEW NEGRO -- THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE -- THE ADVENT OF URBAN REALISM -- THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE UP CLOSE -- THE BACKGROUND.

BLACK HERITAGE AND AMERICAN CULTURE -- THE QUESTION OF "NEGRO ART" -- POETRY -- FICTION -- DRAMA -- VISUAL ART -- THE LEGACY -- PRIMARY SOURCES -- LANGSTON HUGHES: THE NEGRO ARTIST AND THE RACIAL MOUNTAIN (1926) -- W.E.B. DU BOIS: NEGRO LITERATURE -- EPILOGUE -- TIMELINE: 2ND CENTURY CE TO 1941 -- 2ND CENTURY - 1789: OLD WORLD TO NEW -- 1790-1863: THE ENSLAVEMENT OF AFRICANS -- 1864-C. 1916: RECONSTRUCTION AND THE START OF THE GREAT MIGRATION -- 1917-35: THE JAZZ AGE AND THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE -- 1936-41: ON THE EVE OF WAR -- GLOSSARY -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX.