Preface -- Table of contents -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z -- A -- Aaron (lived c. 13th century BC) -- abbey -- abduction -- (Latin 'having led away') -- Abel, John Jacob (1857-1938) -- Abel, Niels Henrik (1802-1829) -- Niels Henrik Abel -- Norwegian mathematician -- Abelard, Peter (1079-1142) -- French Pierre Abélard, -- Peter Abelard -- French scholastic philosopher -- Peter Abelard -- French scholastic philosopher -- Abercrombie, (Leslie) Patrick (1879-1957) -- ablution -- abnormality -- abolitionism -- abominable snowman -- or yeti, -- abortion -- (Latin aborire 'to miscarry') -- deliberate termination -- abortion as birth control -- Abortion: Background and Issues -- background -- infanticide -- induced abortion -- abortion criminalized -- Britain and Europe -- British legislation -- US legislation -- Roe v. Wade -- against God's law? -- Roman Catholic view -- the social issues -- the beginning of life -- abracadabra -- Abraham (lived c. 2300 BC) -- Arabic Ibrahim, -- (Hebrew 'father of many nations') -- abraxas -- absolute music -- absolution -- absolutism -- or absolute monarchy, -- abstinence -- abstract art -- history -- abstract artists -- US art -- later developments -- Al Capp -- US cartoonist -- abstract expressionism -- abstraction -- (Latin 'having drawn from') -- Absurd, Theatre of the -- Abu Bakr (or Abu-Bekr) (573-634) -- Abu Hanifah, Al-Nu'man (c. 700-780) -- Academy -- (Greek Akademeia) -- accessibility -- accounting -- Achilles -- acquired character -- action painting -- or gesture painting or tachisme, -- activism -- act of Congress -- Acton, John Emerich Edward Dalberg (1834-1902) -- 1st Baron Acton, -- John Acton -- English historian and Liberal politician -- acupuncture -- Adam -- (Hebrew adham 'man').

Adams, John Couch (1819-1892) -- Addams, Jane (1860-1935) -- Anonymous -- added value -- or value added, -- Adi Granth -- Adler, Alfred (1870-1937) -- Alfred Adler -- Austrian psychologist -- Adonis -- (Semitic Adon 'the Lord') -- Advaita Vedanta -- (Sanskrit advaita 'non-dual' -- vedanta 'the conclusion of all knowledge') -- Advent -- (Latin adventus 'coming') -- Adventist -- advertising -- Stefano Hatfield -- Editor of the advertising industry magazine Campaign -- Stuart Henderson Britt -- Viscount Leverhulme -- English industrialist -- Aeneas -- Aesir -- Aesop -- aestheticism -- Aesthetic Movement -- aesthetics -- Karl Kraus -- Austrian dramatist and critic -- affirmative action -- affluent society -- African nationalism -- afterlife -- Agamemnon -- Agassiz, (Jean) Louis Rodolphe (1807-1873) -- Louis Agassiz -- Swiss palaeontologist -- ageism -- aggregate demand -- aggression -- aggression -- agitprop -- (Russian 'agitation propaganda') -- Agni -- agnosticism -- ahimsa -- Ahmadiyya -- Ahriman -- Ahura Mazda -- or Ormuzd, -- aid -- AIDS -- acronym for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, -- diagnosis of AIDS -- treatment -- worldwide statistics -- Aiken, Howard Hathaway (1900-1973) -- à Kempis, Thomas -- Aladdin -- Alberti, Leon Battista (1404-1472) -- Leon Battista Alberti -- Florentine architect, painter, and writer -- Albertus the Great, St (1200-1280) -- Albigenses -- alchemy -- (Arabic al-Kimya) -- alcoholism -- aleatory -- (Latin alea 'dice') -- Alembert, Jean Le Rond d' (1717-1783) -- Alexander, Samuel (1859-1938) -- Alexander technique -- Alexandria, Library of -- Alexandria, school of -- algebra -- order of calculation -- quadratic equation -- simultaneous equations -- algorithm -- Ali (c. 598-661) -- alienation -- Allah -- (Arabic al-Ilah 'the God') -- allegory -- alliance -- allocation of resources -- All Saints' Day -- or All-Hallows.

or Hallowmas, -- All Souls' Day -- alma mater -- (Latin 'bounteous mother') -- Althusser, Louis (1918-1990) -- altruism -- Alvarez, Luis Walter (1911-1988) -- extinction of the dinosaurs -- Luis Walter Alvarez -- US physicist -- Amar Das (1479-1574) -- Amazon -- ambiguity -- Ambrose, St (c. 340-397) -- amen -- American Indian religions -- Ames, Adelbert (1880-1955) -- Amida Buddha -- Sanskrit Amitabha, Japanese Amida Nyorai, Chinese O-mi-t'o, -- Amish -- or Amish Mennonite, -- Ammon -- or Amen or Amun, -- Amnesty International -- Amos -- Ampère, André-Marie (1775-1836) -- Anabaptist -- (Greek 'baptize again') -- analects -- or analecta, -- analogy -- analogy -- analysis -- analytic -- Ananda (lived 5th century BC) -- Anand Marg -- anarchism -- (Greek anarkhos 'without ruler') -- anathema -- (Greek 'set apart') -- anatman -- Anaxagoras (lived c. 500-428 BC) -- Anaximander (c. 610-c. 546 BC) -- Anaximenes (lived c. 587-c. 527 BC) -- ancestor worship -- ancien régime -- Anderson, Carl David (1905-1991) -- Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett (1836-1917) -- Andrewes, Lancelot (1555-1626) -- Lancelot Andrewes -- Church of England bishop -- Andrews, Thomas (1813-1885) -- Andrew, St (lived 1st century AD) -- androgyny -- (Greek andro 'male', gyne 'female') -- Andromache -- Angad (1504-1552) -- angel -- (Greek angelos 'messenger') -- Georg Christoph Lichtenberg -- German physicist and philosopher -- Anglican communion -- Anglicanism -- Anglo-Catholicism -- John St Loe Strachey -- British politician -- Angry Young Men -- angst -- (German 'anxiety') -- animal liberation -- animal sacrifice -- animism -- ankh -- Annales school -- or total history, -- anno Domini -- (Latin 'in the year of our Lord') -- Annunciation -- Anokhin, Piotre Kuzmich (1897-1974) -- anomie -- anorexia -- Anselm, St (c. 1033-1109) -- anthology -- (Greek 'bouquet') -- Walter Raleigh.

English scholar -- Anthony, Susan B(rownell) (1820-1906) -- Anonymous -- Susan B(rownell) Anthony -- US campaigner for women's rights -- Susan B(rownell) Anthony -- US campaigner for women's rights -- Anthony, St (c. 251-356) -- also known as Anthony of Thebes, -- anthropic principle -- anthropology -- (Greek anthropos 'man', logos 'discourse') -- biological anthropology -- social anthropology -- participant observation -- anthropomorphism -- (Greek anthropos 'man', morphe 'shape') -- anthroposophy -- anti-art -- Antichrist -- anticlericalism -- anticommunism -- Antigone -- antihero -- antimatter -- Antimatter -- first atoms of antimatter produced -- the production process -- LEAR: the Low Energy Antiproton Ring -- detecting anti-matter -- the future and the anti-world -- antinomianism -- (Greek 'against law') -- antinuclear movement -- antipsychiatry -- antiracism and antisexism -- anti-Semitism -- Antisthenes (c. 444-c. 366 BC) -- antivivisection -- Anu -- Anubis -- anxiety -- George Asaf -- English songwriter -- apartheid -- (Afrikaans 'apartness') -- apartheid policies -- opposition to apartheid -- uprisings -- aphasia -- aphrodisiac -- (from Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love) -- Aphrodite -- Apis -- Apocrypha -- (Greek apokryptein 'to hide away') -- Apocrypha -- Appendix to the Old Testament of the Bible -- Apocrypha -- Appendix to the Old Testament of the Bible -- Apocrypha -- Appendix to the Old Testament of the Bible -- Apollinarius of Laodicea (c. 310-c. 390) -- also known as Apollinaris the Younger, -- Apollo -- Apollonian -- Apollonius of Perga (c. 262-c. 190 BC) -- Apollonius of Tyana (lived 1st century AD) -- Apollonius of Tyana -- Greek philosopher -- apologetics -- (Greek apologia 'a defendant's personal reply to an accuser') -- apostasy -- a posteriori -- (Latin 'from the latter') -- apostle -- (Greek 'messenger') -- Apostles.

Apostles' Creed -- apostolic succession -- apparatchik -- appearance -- Fanny Brice -- US entertainer -- Mortimer Collins -- English poet and novelist -- Heinrich Hoffman -- German writer -- Christopher Lasch -- US critic -- appeasement -- Appleton, Edward Victor (1892-1965) -- appropriate technology -- April Fools' Day -- a priori -- Aquinas, St Thomas (1225-1274) -- St Thomas Aquinas -- Italian philosopher and theologian -- St Thomas Aquinas -- Italian philosopher and theologian -- St Thomas Aquinas -- Italian philosopher and theologian -- arbitration -- archaeology -- (Greek archaia 'ancient things', logos 'study') -- history -- related disciplines -- archetype -- Archimedes (c. 287-212 BC) -- hydrostatics and Archimedes' principle -- statics and the lever -- mathematics -- Archimedes -- Greek mathematician -- Archimedes -- Greek mathematician -- Arendt, Hannah (1906-1975) -- Hannah Arendt -- American philosopher and political theorist -- Argos -- argument from design -- or teleological argument or physico-theological argument, -- Argyris, Chris(topher) (1923- ) -- Arianism -- Aristarchus of Samos (c. 320-c. 250 BC) -- Aristarchus of Samos -- Greek astronomer -- Aristippus (c. 435-356 BC) -- aristocracy -- (Greek aristos 'best', kratos 'power') -- John Collins Bossidy -- US writer -- Aristotle (384-322 BC) -- Aristotle -- Greek philosopher -- Aristotle -- Greek philosopher -- Aristotle -- Greek philosopher -- Aristotle -- Greek philosopher -- Aristotle -- Greek philosopher -- Bertrand Arthur William Russell -- English philosopher and mathematician -- arithmetic -- Multiplication Table -- Squares, Cubes, and Roots -- Arius (c. 250-336) -- Arjan (1563-1606) -- Arjuna -- Ark of the Covenant -- or holy ark, or aron kodesh, or aron hakodesh, -- Armageddon -- Armenian Church -- Arminius, Jacobus (1560-1609) -- Dutch Jakob Harmensen, -- arms control.

Arnauld, Antoine (1560-1619).