STUDIES IN LANGUAGE ORIGINS Volume 1 -- Title page -- Acknowledgments -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- Notes on contributors -- IntroductionLanguage origins: a fresh start -- The origin of language: the general problem -- Summary -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mosaic elements for language -- 3. Imitation, articulation and concept-formation -- 4. Cross-modal brain connections -- 5. Language and the motor system -- 6. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- Gesture and deixis -- Summary -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Deixis in grammar -- 3. Temporal deixis -- 4. Spatial deixis -- 5. Demonstratives and person deixis -- 6. Directionality -- 7. Gesture as contributing towards syntax -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- Moulded gestures and guided syntax: scenario of a linguistic breakthrough -- Summary -- 1. From tools to gestural expressions -- 2. Moulded vs. imitative gestures -- 3. From monogestures to gestural sequences -- 4. Guided syntax -- 5. Necessities of gestural support -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Astudentof oral traditions looks at the origins of language -- Summary -- 1. Beowulf and "memorable speech" -- 2. Inventing the syllable by "biting sound" -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- The meaning of duality of patterning and its importance in language evolution -- Summary -- 1 -- Introduction -- 2. Does American Sign Language have duality of patterning? -- 3. Duality and the principle of regularity in sound change -- 4. The advantages of duality of patterning in language -- REFERENCES -- Language origins and the red marble theory -- Summary -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Meaning and grammar -- 3. Methodology and onomatopoeia -- 4. The marble parable -- 5. Multiple discoveries -- REFERENCES -- Glossogenesis in endolinguistic and exolinguistìc perspective: palaeoanthropological data -- Summary -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Endolinguistic and exolinguistic perspectives.

3. Early paleoanthropological scenarios on the emergence of language. -- 4. Isaac's paradigm -- 5. Binford's criticism -- 6. The advanced hominid brain -- 7. The origin of "modern humans" -- 8. The evolution of the vocal tract -- 9. The evolution of tool use -- 10. Fire -- 11. Symbolism -- 12. Exchange of goods -- 13. Kinship structures -- 14. Demographic transitions -- 15. Hominization scenarios and glossogenesis -- 16. Migrations, diffusion, and multiple inventions -- 17. Conclusion -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- The Upper Palaeolithic expansion of supematuralism and the advent of fully developed spoken language -- Summary -- 1. Gestural language antecedents of speech -- 2. Advantages of phonemicized speech -- 3. Characteristics of auditory verbal hallucinations -- 4. "Interior speech" in normal human beings -- 5. Ethnographic accounts of auditory verbal hallucinations -- 6. The privileged phenomenological status of speech -- 7. The transition to anatomically modern mankind -- 8. Darkness and supernatural communication -- 9. Emergence of complex religions and verbal hallucination -- 10. The importance of hearing one's own name in verbal hallucinations -- 11. Verbal hallucinations and the anthropomorphosis of nature -- REFERENCES -- The domestication of fire and the origins of language -- Summary -- 1. Introduction: the domestication of fire as a civilizing process -- 2. The stage of predominantly passive use of fire -- 3. The transition to active use of fire and its preconditions -- 4. The formation of the species monopoly -- 5. Conclusion -- NOTES -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- The evolutionary history of the human speech organs -- Summary -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The first vertebrates -- 3. The first land-dwelling vertebrates -- 4. Reptiles -- 5. The early mammals -- 6. The primates -- 7. Vocal organs and speech origins -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.

REFERENCES -- The Aquatic Ape Theory and the origin of speech -- Summary -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Aquatic Ape Theory -- 3. Supporting data -- 4. Control of vocalisation -- 5. The descended larynx -- 6. Enhanced importance of the vocal channel -- 7. Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- Language innateness and speech pathology -- Summary -- 1. An animated controversy -- 2. Linguists and language faculty -- 2.1. Language faculty: a brief historical account -- 2.2. The differences between Chomsky's and Bickerton's innatist conceptions -- 2.3. Innatist theories of linguistics and the questions they raise -- 3. Theoretical schemata and linguistic facts -- 3.1. The elusive universals -- 3.2. The incongruent syntactic patterns -- 3.3. Language evolution and innate grammars -- 4. The biological arguments -- 4.1. On the innateness of speech -- 5. No innate schemata, but an innate potential -- References -- Language origin and the Island of ReiI (Insula Reilii) -- Summary -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Synopsis of morphogenetic processes -- 3. The anthropogenetic cortex and the reptilian (R-)driver -- 4. Aim of the present investigation -- 5. Material and method -- 6. A pilot study -- 7. The question of absolute values -- 8. The test group -- 9. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- The vestibular system and language evolution -- Summary -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Vestibular system and locomotion -- 3. Labyrinthine rotation -- 4. Laterality and language -- 5. Vestibular function and language -- 6. Conclusion -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Acoustical communication in birdsand its differences from human language -- Summary -- 1. On the information contained in bird vocalisations -- 2. A case study: male quality and the singing behaviour of tits -- 3. A comparison of human language and bird sounds -- REFERENCES.

Speech act taxonomy, chimpanzee communication, and the evolutionary basis of language -- Summary -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Searle's classification of speech acts -- 3. Social functions and intended effects -- 4. Chimpanzee communicative acts -- 5. Speech acts and the emergence of language -- REFERENCES -- Author index -- Subject index.