HETEROGENEOUS CELLULAR NETWORKS -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1 Overview of Heterogeneous Networks -- 1.1 Motivations for Heterogeneous Networks -- 1.1.1 Explosive Growth of Data Capacity Demands -- 1.1.2 From Spectral Efficiency to Network Efficiency -- 1.1.3 Challenges in Service Revenue and Capacity Investment -- 1.2 Definitions of Heterogeneous Networks -- 1.3 Economics of Heterogeneous Networks -- 1.3.1 Total Cost of Ownership -- 1.3.2 Heterogeneous Networks Use Scenarios -- 1.3.3 General Tends in Heterogeneous Networks Development -- 1.4 Aspects of Heterogeneous Network Technology -- 1.4.1 RF Interference -- 1.4.2 Radio System Configuration -- 1.4.3 Network Coupling -- 1.4.4 User and Device Credential -- 1.4.5 Interworking -- 1.4.6 Handover -- 1.4.7 Data Routing -- 1.4.8 Quality of Service -- 1.4.9 Security and Privacy -- 1.4.10 Capacity and Performance Evaluation -- 1.5 Future Heterogeneous Network Applications -- References -- Part I Radio Resource and Interference Management -- 2 Radio Resource and Interference Management for Heterogeneous Networks -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Heterogeneous Networks Deployment Scenarios and Interference Management Categories Based on Spectrum Usage -- 2.2.1 Heterogeneous Network Deployment Scenarios -- 2.2.2 Interference Management Categories Based on Spectrum Usage -- 2.3 Multi-carrier Inter-cell Interference Management for Heterogeneous Networks -- 2.3.1 Interference Management via Carrier Partitioning -- 2.3.2 Enhanced Carrier Reuse with Power Control -- 2.3.3 Carrier Aggregation Based Inter-cell Interference Coordination -- 2.4 Co-channel Inter-cell Interference Management for Heterogeneous Networks -- 2.4.1 Control Channel Interference Management -- 2.4.2 Data Channel Interference Management -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Capacity and Coverage Enhancement in Heterogeneous Networks.

3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Deployment Scenarios -- 3.2.1 Multi-tier Network Elements -- 3.2.2 Multi-radio Techniques -- 3.3 Multi-tier Interference Mitigation -- 3.3.1 Multi-tier Spectral Reuse Scenarios -- 3.3.2 Cross-tier Interference -- 3.3.3 Network Synchronization for IM -- 3.3.4 Overview of Interference Mitigation Techniques -- 3.3.5 Performance Comparison of IM Schemes -- 3.4 Multi-radio Performance -- 3.5 Standardization and Future Research Directions -- 3.5.1 Status of Wireless Standards -- 3.5.2 Future Research Directions -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Cross-tier Interference Management in 3GPP LTE-Advanced Heterogeneous Networks -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Heterogeneous Network Deployments -- 4.1.2 OSG Scenario -- 4.1.3 CSG Scenario -- 4.2 Interference Management for LTE and LTE-Advanced Networks -- 4.2.1 Interference Management Methods for Homogenous Networks -- 4.2.2 Interference Management for Heterogeneous Networks -- 4.2.3 Time Domain Based ICIC Schemes -- 4.2.4 Power Setting for Femtocells -- 4.3 Conclusions -- Appendix: Simulation Models -- References -- 5 Inter-cell Interference Management for Heterogeneous Networks -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Conventional Inter-cell Interference Coordination -- 5.3 Enhanced Inter-cell Interference Coordination -- 5.3.1 Interference Scenarios in Heterogeneous Networks -- 5.3.2 Enhanced ICIC Solutions for Heterogeneous Networks -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Cognitive Radios to Mitigate Interference in Macro/femto Heterogeneous Networks -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Information Requirement and Acquisition for Interference Mitigation -- 6.3 Descriptions of System Models -- 6.3.1 Two-tier Network Architecture -- 6.3.2 Channel Model -- 6.3.3 Traffic Model -- 6.3.4 CR-enabled Operations -- 6.4 Cross-tier Interference Mitigation.

6.4.1 Interference Coordination: Orthogonality in the Time/Frequency Domain -- 6.4.2 Interference Coordination: Orthogonality in the Antenna Spatiality Domain -- 6.4.3 Interference Cancellation: Coding Techniques -- 6.5 Intra-tier Interference Mitigation -- 6.5.1 Strategic Game for Collocated Femtocells -- 6.5.2 Gibbs Sampler for Collocated Femtocells -- 6.6 Interference Mitigation for Machine-to-Machine Communications -- 6.6.1 Background of Compressive Sensing -- 6.6.2 SMRM for Femtocells -- 6.6.3 Compressive Sensing for the Spectrum Map Construction -- 6.6.4 Performance Evaluations -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Game Theoretic Approach to Distributed Bandwidth Allocation in OFDMA-based Self-organizing Femtocell Networks -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Distributed Bandwidth Allocation -- 7.3 Convergence Analysis -- 7.4 Choice of Utility Function and its Parameters -- 7.5 Simulation Results -- 7.5.1 Convergence Studies -- 7.5.2 Bandwidth Allocation and Network Tuning -- 7.6 Extensions and Discussions -- 7.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Part II Mobility and Handover Management -- 8 Mobility Management and Performance Optimization in Next Generation Heterogeneous Mobile Networks -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Overview of Mobility Management in RRC-connected State -- 8.3 Mobility Robustness Optimization -- 8.4 Mobility Load Balancing Optimization -- 8.4.1 Related Works -- 8.4.2 Problem Description -- 8.4.3 Load Balancing Algorithm with Penalized Handovers -- 8.4.4 Numerical Examples -- 8.5 Cooperation of MRO and MLB -- 8.5.1 Achieve Load Balance by Adjusting CI O -- 8.5.2 Coordination Rules between MRO and MLB -- 8.5.3 Jointly Consider MRO and MLB -- 8.5.4 Simulation Results -- 8.6 Mobility Enhancement for Femtocells -- 8.7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 Connected-mode Mobility in LTE Heterogeneous Networks.

9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Cell Selection and Problem Statement -- 9.3 Simulation Methodology -- 9.4 Handover Modelling -- 9.5 Results -- Reference -- 10 Cell Selection Modes in LTE Macro-Femtocell Deployment -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Distinction of Cells -- 10.3 Access Control -- 10.3.1 Access Control Scenarios -- 10.3.2 Access Control Executor -- 10.3.3 Access Control Mechanisms -- 10.3.4 Performance of Access Control Mechanisms -- 10.4 Cell Selection and Cell Reselection -- 10.4.1 UE in Idle Mode -- 10.4.2 PLMN Selection -- 10.4.3 Cell Selection -- 10.4.4 Cell Reselection -- 10.4.5 Cell Reselection with Femtocells -- References -- 11 Distributed Location Management for Generalized HetNets. Case Study of All-wireless Networks of Femtocells -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Motivation -- 11.1.2 Approach -- 11.1.3 On Location Management in Generalized HetNets -- 11.2 Background on Geographic Routing and Geographic Location Management -- 11.3 All-wireless Networks of Femtocells -- 11.3.1 Challenges of All-wireless Networks of Femtocells -- 11.4 Architecture for Geographic-based All-wireless Networks of Femtocells -- 11.4.1 Overview of the Architecture -- 11.4.2 Network Entities Supporting Networks of Femtocells -- 11.4.3 Operation of the Network of Femtocells -- 11.4.4 Sample Protocol Stacks for Wifi-based All-wireless NoFs -- 11.4.5 Other Relevant Issues -- 11.5 Location Management Procedures -- 11.5.1 Paging -- 11.5.2 Handoff -- 11.6 Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 12 Vertical Handover in Heterogeneous Networks: a Comparative Experimental and Simulation-based Investigation -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Preliminaries on VHO -- 12.3 Experimental Investigation -- 12.3.1 VHO Decision Algorithms -- 12.3.2 Experimental Setup and Results -- 12.4 Simulation-based Investigation -- 12.4.1 The OPNET Simulator.

12.4.2 Performance Results -- 12.5 Discussion on the VHO in HetNets -- 12.5.1 Role of the (Internal) Decision Algorithm -- 12.5.2 Role of the Authentication Procedures -- 12.5.3 Impact of VHO on HetNet Coverage -- 12.5.4 Impact of VHO on HetNet Capacity -- 12.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Part III Deployment, Standardization and Field Trials -- 13 Evolution of HetNet Technologies in LTE-advanced Standards -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Deployment Scenarios for LTE-advanced HetNet -- 13.2.1 Macro-Femto Scenario -- 13.2.2 Macro-Pico Scenario -- 13.3 Inter-cell Interference Coordination for HetNet -- 13.3.1 Rel-8/9 ICIC -- 13.3.2 Rel-10 Enhanced ICIC -- 13.3.3 System-level Performance of HetNet with Time-domain eICIC -- 13.4 Ongoing Work in Rel-11 LTE-A -- 13.4.1 Support of Non-zero Power ABS -- 13.4.2 Network-assisted Cell Acquisition for CRE UE in Low Geometry -- 13.4.3 Mitigation of CRS Interference for CRE UE in Low Geometry -- 13.5 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Macro-Femto Heterogeneous Network Deployment and Management -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Frameworks for Macro-Femto Network Deployment and Management -- 14.2.1 Joint-deployment Framework -- 14.2.2 WSP-deployment Framework -- 14.2.3 User-deployment Framework -- 14.3 Revenue Maximization with WSP-deployed Femto-BSs -- 14.3.1 On Cross-tier Channel Allocation -- 14.3.2 On Optimal Pricing and Spectrum Partition -- 14.4 Summary -- References -- 15 Field Trial of LTE Technology -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Field Trial Overview -- 15.2.1 UE Antennas -- 15.2.2 Network Configuration and Field Trial Setup -- 15.3 Measurement Results -- 15.4 Summary Comparison -- 15.5 Conclusion -- References -- Index.