Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- chapter one Introduction -- chapter two Russian Theoretical Biology between Heresy and Orthodoxy -- russian evolutionary biology, 1930s-1950s -- georgii shaposhnikov's experiments with plant lice and the shift to theoretical biology -- theoretical biology in russia, 1960s-1980s -- shaposhnikov between zoology and theoretical biology -- different interpretations of shaposhnikov's experiments -- the discussion of rapid speciation -- the discussion of lamarckism -- the discussion of epigenetic evolution -- conclusion -- chapter three The Specter of Darwinism -- the changing meaning of "darwinism" -- the specter of dogmatic darwinism -- the "new" natural theology -- chapter four Natural Atheology -- chapter five Ironic Heresy -- chapter six If This Be Heresy -- early student years -- Medical School at Wurzburg -- The Aesthetic Science of Humboldt and Goethe -- The Research Ideal -- habilitation and engagement -- love and research in italy -- friendship with allmers and temptations of the bohemian life -- radiolaria -- conclusion -- chapter seven Adaptive Landscapes and Dynamic Equilibrium -- comparing darwin and spencer -- social darwinism -- the shifting balance theory and its discontents -- natural selection or dynamic equilibrium? -- sources -- conclusion -- chapter eight "The Ninth Mortal Sin" -- introduction -- i. darwin and the lamarckian "problem" of ants -- ii. structure and function -- iii. biology versus history -- iv. the eugenic imperative -- v. conclusion -- chapter nine Contemporary Darwinism and Religion -- i. darwinian restrictionists -- ii. darwinian expansionists -- iii. three science/religion views -- iv. the epistemic norms of science and religion -- v. areas of inquiry in science and religion -- Index.