Multiband Integrated Antennas for 4G Terminals -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- C H A P T E R 1 Electrically Small Multiband Antennas -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Definition of Electrically Small -- 1.3 Fundamental Antenna Properties Definitions -- 1.3.1 Impedance, Efficiency, VSWR, and Gain -- 1.3.2 Bandwidth and Quality Factor (Q) -- 1.4 Fundamental Limits of Small Antennas -- 1.5 Special Considerations for Integrated Multiband Antennas -- 1.6 Fundamental Approaches to Small Integrated Antenna Design -- 1.6.1 The Monopole Antenna -- 1.6.2 The Inverted-L Antenna -- 1.6.3 The Inverted-F and Planar Inverted-F Antennas -- 1.7 Finite Ground Plane Effects on Small Antenna Performance -- References -- CHAPTER 2 Multiband Multisystem Antennas in Handsets -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Frequencies and Systems -- 2.1.2 Typical Specifications -- 2.2 Multiband Techniques -- 2.2.1 Radiating and Balanced Mode Theory -- 2.2.2 Analysis of PIFA Slots -- 2.2.3 Analysis of PIFA Shorting Pins -- 2.3 Multisystem Techniques -- References -- CHAPTER 3 Multiband Planar Wire Antennas -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Multiband Planar Monopole Antennas -- 3.2.1 Microstrip-Fed Dual-Band Monopole Antenna -- 3.2.2 CPW-Fed Dual-Band Monopole Antenna -- 3.2.3 Meandered CPW-Fed Multiband Monopole Antenna -- 3.3 Inverted-L Multiband Antennas -- 3.3.1 Modified Double Inverted-L Antenna for Multiband Operation -- 3.3.2 Inverted-L Antenna with a Parasitic Element for Dual-Band Operation -- 3.4 Inverted-F Antennas for Dual-Band Operation -- 3.4.1 Spiraled Inverted-F Antenna for Dual-Band Operation -- 3.4.2 Coupling Dual-Band Inverted-F Antenna -- 3.4.3 Inverted-FL Antennas with a Parasitic Inverted-L Element for Bandwidth Enhancement -- 3.5 T-Shaped Antennas for Multiband Operation -- 3.5.1 Single T-Shaped Antenna for Multiband Operation.

3.5.2 Double T-Shaped Antenna for Dual-Band Operation -- 3.5.3 T-Shaped Antenna with a Parasitic Inverted-L Element for Bandwidth Improvement -- 3.6 Meandered Multiband Antennas -- 3.6.1 A Nonuniform Meandered Antenna with a Forked Ground Plane For Multiband Operation -- 3.6.2 A Compact Multiband Meandered Planar Antenna -- 3.7 M-Shaped Planar Monopole for Multiband Operation -- 3.8 Two-Strip Planar Antennas for Broadband and Multiband Operation -- 3.8.1 Broadband Two-Strip Antenna -- 3.8.2 Broadband/Dual-Frequency Two-Strip Antenna -- 3.9 Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER 4 Printed Multiband Fractal Antennas -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Brief Background on Fractal Geometry -- 4.1.2 Fractals in Nature -- 4.1.3 Prefractals: Truncating a Fractal to Useable Complexity -- 4.1.4 How Fractals Can Be Used as Antennas and Why Fractals Are Space- Filling Geometries -- 4.1.5 The Fractal Dimensions of Box Counting, Hausdorff, and Similarity -- 4.2 Fractals Defined by Transformations-Self-Similar and Self-Affine Sets -- 4.2.1 Iterated Function Schemes: The Language of Fractals -- 4.2.2 Self-Affine Sets -- 4.3 Deterministic Fractals as Antennas -- 4.3.1 Fractals as Wire Antenna Elements -- 4.3.2 Fractal Patch Elements -- 4.3.3 Circularly Polarized Microstrip Fractal Antennas -- 4.4 Fractal Arrays and Fractal Volume Antennas -- 4.4.1 Multiband Fractal Arrays -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER 5 Miniaturized Integrated Multiband Antennas -- 5.1 Design Considerations for Integrated Multiband Handset Antennas -- 5.1.1 Hearing Aid Compatible Handsets -- 5.2 Effect of the Terminal on the Antenna Behavior -- 5.2.1 Effect of the Size of the Chassis -- 5.2.2 Effect of the Handset Components -- 5.3 Modal Analysis -- 5.3.1 The Theory of Characteristic Modes -- 5.3.2 Practical Applications -- Acknowledgments -- References.

CHAPTER 6 Multiband Handset Antennas for MIMO Systems -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Design Considerations for MIMO Systems -- 6.2.1 Diversity Techniques -- 6.2.2 Volume Constraints: The MIMO Cube -- 6.3 MIMO Techniques in a Handset -- 6.3.1 Effect of Antenna Efficiency -- 6.3.2 Effect of User Presence -- 6.3.3 Effect of Antenna Correlation -- 6.4 Combined Diversity Techniques for Optimum Handset MIMO Performance -- References -- CHAPTER 7 Communication Performance of Mobile Devices -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Antenna Efficiency -- 7.2.1 Radiation Efficiency -- 7.2.2 How to Obtain the Antenna Efficiency -- 7.2.3 Conductive Cable Problem -- 7.2.4 Total Radiated Power and Total Isotropic Sensitivity -- 7.3 User Influence -- 7.3.1 Experimental Setup -- 7.3.2 Repeatability Test -- 7.3.3 Variation Due to Different Users -- 7.3.4 Influence of Hand Position -- 7.3.5 Summary -- 7.4 Mean Effective Gain -- 7.4.1 Power Distribution Models -- 7.4.2 Single Antenna -- 7.4.3 Multiple Antennas -- 7.5 Standard Measurement Setup Using Phantoms -- 7.5.1 Setup for Measurements of Mobile Handset Radiation Patterns -- 7.5.2 Measurement Uncertainty -- 7.5.3 Errors Due to Insufficient Sampling Density of Radiation Pattern -- 7.5.4 Investigation of Phantom Type Influence on Performance -- 7.5.5 Uncertainty Due to Incorrect Handset Positioning on Phantom -- References -- List of Acronyms -- About the Editor -- About the Authors -- Index.