CHILDREN AND PAIN -- Contents -- I. Introduction -- Children and pain -- II. Approach to pain -- Psychological and alternativeapproaches to pediatric pain -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Novel psychological approaches:Acute/procedural pain -- Brief memory-based interventions for procedural pain -- Distraction training: Parents and nurses as "coaches" during immunization -- Virtual reality as a distraction tool for acute and procedural pain -- Novel psychological approaches:Chronic/recurrent pain -- Computer and internet based interventions -- CAM approaches for pediatric pain:Acute/procedureal pain -- Music for procedural pain -- Hypnosis -- Hypnosis for procedural pain in pediatric oncology -- Hypnosis for procedural pain related to VCUG -- Hypnosis for pediatric burn-dressing changes -- Hypnosis for post-operative pain -- CAM approaches for pediatric pain:Chronic/recurrent pain -- Acupuncture for pediatric migraine -- Biofeedback for recurrent pediatric headaches -- Massage therapy for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Treating chronic pain in children from aholistic point of view -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Body-mind-spirit -- Conclusions -- References -- III. Acute pain -- Acute musculoskeletal sports injury -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Review -- Discussion -- References -- Treatment during acute painfulepisodes in adolescents with sickle celldisease -- Abstract -- Introduction -- A pilot study -- Procedures -- Data analyses -- Results -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Morphine for acute pain in childrenwith sickle cell disease -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Our study -- Inclusion criteria -- Exclusion criteria -- Procedures -- Patient controlled analgesia morphine regimens -- Outcome measures -- Data analyses -- Results -- Pain intensity -- Data analyses -- Results.

Pain intensity -- Pain location -- Pain quality -- Daily morphine consumption -- Other medications -- Pain relief -- Side effects -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- IV. Coping with pain in healthy children -- Healthy children's experimental painresponses -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Our sample -- Procedure -- Laboratory pain tasks -- Cold pressor task -- Pressure task -- Thermal heat task -- Pain outcome measures -- Psychological measures -- Pain coping -- Demographic variables -- Statistical analysis -- Results -- Racial differences in demographics and coping -- Relationships between coping and race -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- V. Chronic pain -- How does chronic pain affect then livesof children? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Our study -- Qualitative procedures -- Quantitative procedures -- Quantitative study measures -- Our findings -- Qualitative findings -- Functioning groups: Patterns and differences -- Strategies -- Getting on with things -- Planning ahead -- Body awareness -- Quantitative findings -- Demographic and pain characteristics -- Global health and social functioning -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The needs of adolescents with chronicpain -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Our study -- Participants -- Data collection -- Data analysis -- Our findings -- Struggling to be normal -- Healthy is being normal -- Trying to be normal at school -- Relating to peers and society interferes with being normal -- Dealing with the pain -- Management strategies -- Relating to friends -- Transitioning-not yet -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- VI. Sickle cell disease -- Clinical trials in children andadolescents with pain and sickle celldisease -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study identification -- SCD pain in children -- Post-operative pain in children.

Clinical trials in pain medicationsfor symptomatic treatment -- Opioid analgesics -- Morphine -- Fentanyl -- Meperidine -- Hydromorphone -- Nalbuphine -- Oral versus intravenous opioids -- Patient controlled analgesia -- Home management -- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents -- Ibuprofen -- Ketorolac -- Ketorolac in the ED -- Ketorolac and meperidine -- Ketorolac, tramadol and erythrocytapheresis -- Aspirin as analgesic -- Clinical trials in pain evaluating other medicalinterventions -- Simple transfusion -- Glucocorticoids -- Inhaled Nitric Oxide -- Magnesium -- Oxygen -- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation -- Clinical trials in pain evaluating behavioralinterventions -- Clinical trials in pain evaluating complimentaryalternative medicine -- Clinical trials in pain evaluating diseasemodifyingagents -- Chronic transfusion therapy -- Phlebotomy -- Aspirin as an anti-platelet agent -- Hemoglobin F induction -- Other inhibitors of in vitro sickling -- Cromolyn sodium -- Piracetam -- Poloxamer 188 -- Pentoxifylline -- The assessment of pain in children -- Behavioral scales -- Patient self-report scales -- Pain assessment in SCD -- Pain action plan -- Study design in pediatric clinical pain trials -- Methodology -- Pain assessment in SCD -- Pain action plan -- Study design in pediatric clinical pain trials -- Methodology -- Outcome measures -- Conclusions -- References -- Sickle cell disease:Guidelines for treatment of pain inhospitalized children -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Sickle cell disease -- Acute pain in SCD -- Risk factors for pain -- Phases of pain -- Treatment of acute sickle cell pain -- Pain action plan -- Treating pain at home -- Emergency department management -- Inpatient pain management -- Choice of analgesic -- Route of administration -- Breakthrough pain -- PCA and continuous infusion titration.

Management of adverse effects of opioids -- Supportive measures -- Weaning intravenous pain medication -- Preparing for discharge -- Conclusions -- Appendix I -- Appendix II -- Appendix III -- Appendix IV -- Appendix V -- References -- VII. Intellectual Disability -- Children with intellectual disability andassessment of pain -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Pain assessment as a foundation for painmanagement -- Accounting for biased observers -- Evaluating psychometrics of assessment tools -- Pain assessment methods -- Early research regarding pain in people with ID -- Accounting for biased observers -- Evaluating psychometrics of assessment tools -- Pain assessment methods -- Early research regarding pain in people with ID -- Pain assessment tools designed for typical children -- Multidimensional tools -- Self-report pain tools -- Observational tools designed for children with ID -- The Paediatric Pain Profile (PPP) -- The Non-communicating Children's Pain Checklists (NCCPC's) -- Summary -- Putting research into practice -- Acknowledgments -- References -- VIII. Maternal Pain and itsLong-Term Effects -- Pregnancy and analgetics:Long term effect on child quality of life -- Abstract -- Introduction -- What we did -- Existential measures -- Objective measure -- Do you have a partner? -- Examples from the SEQOL questionnaire are -- Our findings -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Pregnancy and mental pain:Long term effect of maternalpsychopharmacological drugs duringpregnancy on child quality of life -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Our study -- Our findings -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- IX. Acknowledgments -- About the editors -- About the National Institute of ChildHealth and Human Devlopment inIsrael -- Mission -- Service and academic activities -- Research activities.

National collaborations -- International collaborations -- Targets -- Contact -- Index.