FrontMatter -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Vitality of the Mathematical Sciences -- 3 Connections Between the Mathematical Sciences and Other Fields -- 4 Important Trends in the Mathematical Sciences -- 5 People in the Mathematical Sciences Enterprise -- 6 The Changing Academic Context -- Appendixes -- Appendix A: Past Strategic Studies -- Appendix B: Meeting Agendas and Other Inputs to the Study -- Appendix C: Basic Data about the U.S. Mathematical Sciences -- Appendix D: Examples of the Mathematical Sciences Support of Science and Engineering -- Appendix E: Illustrative Programs Aimed at Increasing Participation in the Mathematical Sciences by Women and Underrepresented Minorities -- Appendix F: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff.