Front Matter -- Contents -- Introduction -- Compressed Sensing / Through the Kaleidoscope -- Eigenvectors / From the Mathematical Sciences to . . . an IPO -- Mathematical Simulations / When the Lab Isn't Big Enough -- Bayesian Inference / Not an Enigma Anymore -- Diffusion Tensor Imaging / A New View of the Brain -- Fast Multipole Method / A Long-Term Payoff -- Cellular Automata / Sublimely Complex -- Graph Spectra / Sparsest Cuts in Minimum Time -- Bioinformatics / Interpreting the Human Genome -- Geometry and Physics / Endlessly Intertwined -- Probability and Statistical Physics / Connecting Microscopic and Macroscopic.