PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA -- Contents -- Climate change and carbon dioxide: An introduction -- Tribute to Roger Revelle and his contribution to studies of carbon dioxide and climate change -- Scripps and the War Years -- The Scripps Directorship -- The Heady Expedition Days -- Greenhouse -- THE MOHOLE PROJECT -- Ocean Leadership -- Building the University of California at San Diego (UCSD), 1954-1961 -- The Exile -- Coming Home -- A Personal Appreciation -- Equilibration of the terrestrial water, nitrogen, and carbon cycles -- Model and Methods -- Equilibration of Nitrogen and Water Limitations -- Conclusions -- Potential responses of soil organic carbon to global environmental change -- The Nature of Soil Organic Matter (SOM) -- Tools to Study SOM -- Prediction of the Response of Soil C to Global Change -- Conclusions -- Global air-sea flux of CO2: An estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO2 difference -- Measurements -- Adjustments and Resampling of the Data -- Computational Method for Time-Space Interpolation -- Tests for the Interpolated Values -- Distribution of the CO2 Sink/Source Over the Global Oceans -- Summary and Conclusions -- Characteristics of the deep ocean carbon system during the past 150,000 years:CO2 distributions,deep water flow patterns,… -- LGM Nutrient Distribution in Deep Waters of Major Ocean Basins: A Brief Overview -- Rapid Climate Variability in the North Atlantic -- Concluding Remarks -- Direct observation of the oceanic CO2 increase revisited -- Background -- Concepts -- Errors and Sensitivity -- Oceanic Example -- Conclusion -- The observed global warming record: What does it tell us? -- Data Sets -- Anthropogenic Causes of Global Warming -- Natural Causes of Global Warming -- Conclusions -- Possible forcing of global temperature by the oceanic tides.

1. Introduction -- 2. Air Temperature Analysis and Sunspots -- 3. A Proposed Mechanism for Lunisolar Tidal Forcing -- 4. Periodicities of the Oceanic Tides -- 5. Lunisolar Tides as a Forcing Agent of Temperature -- 6. Further Implications of the Tidal Hypothesis -- 7. Discussion and Conclusions -- Spectrum of l00-kyr glacial cycle: Orbital inclination, not eccentricity -- Climate Proxy Records -- Orbital Inclination: An Alternative 100-kyr Cycle -- Bispectra -- Linking Mechanisms -- Discussion -- Can increasing carbon dioxide cause climate change? -- Current Forecasts -- Observational Determinations of Climate Sensitivity -- The Nature of Past Climate Change -- Conclusion -- Gases in ice cores -- Physics of Gases in Glaciers -- Reconstructions of the Anthropogenic Transient from Ice Core and Firn Air Chemistry -- Glacial-Interglacial Changes in Atmospheric Chemistry Recorded in Ice Cores -- Tree rings, carbon dioxide, and climatic change -- Do Temperature-Sensitive Tree-Ring Records Indicate that Recent Warming is Unusual? -- Is There a CO2 Fertilization Effect in Tree Rings? -- Discussion and Conclusions -- Geochemistry of corals: Proxies of past ocean chemistry, ocean circulation, and climate -- Review of Corals as Geochemical Proxies -- Corals as Proxies of the Carbon Cycle and Climate Change -- A long marine history of carbon cycle modulation by orbital-climatic changes -- The Pleistocene Precedent -- Signatures of Orbital Cycles -- Spectral Record of Tertiary Age Carbonate Sediments -- Low Frequency Components in the Tertiary Carbon Cycle -- Interhemispheric Synchrony of Precessional Carbonate Cycles, Late Cretaceous -- The 100- and 400-kyr Cycles in Carbonate and Organic Carbon Deposition, Middle Cretaceous -- Are There Common Threads? -- Dependence of global temperatures on atmospheric CO2 and solar irradiance -- Data Sources and Preparation.

Least-Squares Fits -- Mathematical Preliminaries -- Stochastic Properties of the Data Series -- Temperature Response Models and Transfer Function Estimates -- Changes in the Timing of the Annual Cycle -- Discussion and Conclusions.