Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contributors -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Overview -- Part I Introduction to Participatory Budgeting -- 1 A Guide to Participatory Budgeting -- History of Participatory Budgeting -- How and Where Does Participatory Budgeting Work? -- State of the Debate -- Types of Participatory Budgeting Programs -- Actors and Motivations for Embracing Participatory Budgeting -- Administrative Reform -- Limitations of Participatory Budgeting -- How and Where Can Participatory Budgeting Be Implemented? -- Policy Implications -- References -- 2 Citizen Participation in Budgeting: Prospects for Developing Countries -- Why Is Participation Important? -- Fostering Broad and Meaningful Participation in Developing Countries -- The Government's Perspective on Public Participation -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Part II Regional Surveys -- 3 Lessons from Latin America's Experience with Participatory Budgeting -- History of Participatory Budgeting -- Normative and Analytical Approaches to Participatory Budgeting -- National Case Studies -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 4 Participatory Budgeting in Central and Eastern Europe -- The Central and Eastern European Context -- Case Studies of Participatory Budgeting -- Conclusions and Lessons Learned -- Annex: Achievements, Challenges, and Lessons from Participatory Budgeting Processes in Case Study Countries -- Note -- References -- 5 Participatory Budgeting in Asia -- How Can Citizen Participation Enhance Development? -- The Asian Context -- Types of Participatory Budgeting Initiatives -- Lessons from the Asian Experience -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 6 Sub-Saharan Africa's Experience with Participatory Budgeting -- Legal Framework,Mechanisms for Participation, and Impact of Participatory Budgeting -- Challenges and Lessons Learned.

Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 7 Participatory Budgeting in the Middle East and North Africa -- Potential for Participatory Budgeting -- Democracy and Islamic Rules and Values -- Notes -- References -- Appendix: A Primer on Effective Participation -- Citizen Participation and State Effectiveness -- Types of Participation -- Preconditions and Enabling Factors for Citizen Engagement with Public Decisions -- References -- Index -- BOXES -- 4.1 The Bulgarian Legal Framework for Citizen Participation in Local Self-Government -- 7.1 Think Tanks in the Arab World -- FIGURES -- 1.1 Annual Participatory Budgeting Cycle -- 2.1 Participatory Budgeting Process in Porto Alegre, Brazil -- 2.2 Citizen Satisfaction with Government Services in Bangalore, 1994-2003 -- 2.3 Administrative Costs and Instrumental Benefits of Participation -- A.1 State Attitude toward Citizen Voice and Effective Participation -- TABLES -- 1.1 Desired Outcomes and Unintended Consequences of Participatory Budgeting -- 1.2 Roles of Government and Participants during the First Round of the Participatory Budgeting Process (March-June) -- 1.3 Roles of Government and Participants during the Second Round of the Participatory Budgeting Process (July-November) -- 1.4 Roles of Government and Participants during Project Implementation -- 1.5 Number of Participants in Participatory Budgeting Processes in Selected Cities in Brazil, 1990-2003 -- 1.6 Frequency of Participation in Participatory Budgeting in Belo Horizonte and Betim, Brazil -- 2.1 Typology of Citizen Participation -- 3.1 Characteristics of Case Study Municipalities in Bolivia, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Peru -- 3.2 Key Aspects of Institutional Design and Measures of Success of Participatory Budgeting in Case Study Municipalities -- 4A.1 Achievements of and Lessons from Citizen Participation in Central and Eastern Europe.

5.1 Constitutional and Legal Provisions for Decentralization and Participation in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand -- 6.1 Budget Cycle for Subnational Governments in Kenya -- 6.2 Budget Process in Mangaung, South Africa -- 6.3 Budget Process for Subnational Governments in Tanzania -- 6.4 Budget Process for Subnational Governments in Uganda -- 6.5 Budget Process in Kabwe, Zambia -- 6.6 Budget Process in Gweru, Zimbabwe.