Contents -- Preface -- Cross hole simulations in elastic formations using off axis sources via BEM J Antonio and A Tadeu -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem formulation -- 3 Numerical applications -- 3.1 Fast formation -- 3.2 Slow formation -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- BEM-based nearfield holography for scattering sound field XBaoandHGe -- I. Introduction -- II. Formulation on BEM-based scattering field NAHI5] -- III. BEM-based scattering separation technique -- IV. Reconstruction of surface impedance of scatter and prediction of scattering field -- V. Summary -- Reference: -- Parabolic equation techniques for propagation and scattering D C Calvo et al. -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Parabolic Equation Method -- 3 Application to Propagation Problems -- 3.1 Ocean acoustics -- 3.2 Gravity and acousto-gravity waves -- 3.3 Atmospheric acoustics in the presence of wind shear -- 3.4 Global-scale problems: The adiabatic-mode parabolic equation -- 4 An Application to Scattering Problems: The On-Surface Radiation Condition -- 4.1 OSRC for Two-dimensional Obstacle Scattering -- 4.2 Three-Dimensional Convex Bodies -- 5 Other Current and On-Going Research -- Acknowledgment -- REFERENCES -- Seafloor properties and segmentation G Canepa et al. -- 1 Introduction -- 2 SESAM basics -- 3 Experimental validation -- 3.1 Ground truth -- 3.2 Sidescan images -- 4 Summary -- Aknowledgment -- References -- HHsound transmission and spatial conference in selected shallow water areas: measurements and theory WM Carey et al. -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimental Sound Transmission Results -- 3 Experimental Signal Gain Results -- 3.1 The experimental method [4] -- 3.2 The signal gain experiments -- 4 Horizontal Coherence -- 4.1 Adiabatic normal modes and perturbations -- 4.2 Wave number contributions -- 4.3 Coherence approximations -- 4.4 Wave number covariances.

5 Numerical Comparisons -- 5.1 The relative signal gain result -- 5.2 The Mesoscale Result -- 6 Summary and Conclusions -- 7 Acknowledgements -- References -- 1.0 References -- 2.0 References -- 3.0 References -- 4.0 References -- 5.0 References -- Fractional derivative modelling of acoustic dissipations obeying arbitrary frequency power law W Chen and S Holm -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Positive fractional derivative and modified time-domain Szabo wave models -- 3 Fractional Laplacian time-space lossy wave equation -- 3. 1 New definition of the Fractional Laplacian -- 3.2 Linear fractional Laplacian time-space wave equation model -- 3.3 Finite element numerical model -- 4 Levy stable distribution and j -- e [0,2] -- 5 Remarks -- 6 Acknowledgements -- References -- Visualization of the energy flow for elastic waves: Comparison and contrast of conventional vector field vs color coded representation of the Poynting vector C E Dean and J P Braselton -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Elastodynamic Poynting Vector -- 2.1 The Instantaneous Poynting Vector -- 2.2 TheComplex Poynting Vector -- 2.2.1 Real Part -- 2.2.2 Imaginary Part -- 2.3 Geometric Interpretation -- 3 The Rayleigh Wave -- 4 Rayleigh-Lamb Waves -- 5 Acknowledgements -- References -- The acoustical Klein-Gordon equation: The direct and inverse problems B J Forbes and ER Pike -- 1 The Acoustical Klein-Gordon Equation -- 2 A Potential Function Account of Pipe Resonance -- 2.1. The Step Potential -- 2.2. The Rectangular Barrier -- 3 Inverse Potential Scattering in Duct Acoustics -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Accuracy and efficiency of the multipole Galerkin BEM for acoustics L Gaul, M Fischer and U Ganger -- 1 Indroduction -- 2 Galerkin BEM for Acoustics -- 3 Multipole Expansion -- 4 Preconditioning -- 4-1 Approximate Inverse Preconditioner -- 4-2 Preconditioner based on Spectral Properties.

5 Numerical Results -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Bottom reflection phase shift parameter inversion from reverberation and propagation data HLGeetal. -- I. Introduction -- II Theory of reconstruction of the phase of R(0) by using of reverberation or propagation VLA data -- A. Relation between the phase of R(9) and modal wavenumber -- B. Extraction mode depth from CSDM of VLA reverberation data -- C. Extraction mode depth from CSDM of VLA propagation data -- D. Estimate the modal wavenumber by shooting -- III Analysis of the ASIAEX data -- IV Error analysis -- V Summary and discussion -- APPENDIX: Multi-solution possibility for inversion of bottom parameters by using matched field process -- Reference -- Acoustic behavior of elastic screens in open and confined spaces L Godinho and A Tadeu -- 1 Introduction -- 2 BEM Formulation -- 3 Analysis of the behavior of elastic screens -- 3.1 Elastic screen over an elastic ground -- 3.2 Elastic screen inside a confined space -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Near-axial interference effects in long-range propagation in a range-independent ocean N S Grigorieva and G M Fridman -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Geometry of ray paths having small launch angles -- 3 Construction of the axial wave -- 4 Conclusions -- 5 Acknowledgments -- References -- Investigation of near-axial interference effects for propagation in a deucted waveguide A'S Grigorieva, G M Fridman and D R Palmer -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Transformation of the exact solution -- 3 Computation of the axial wave -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Dynamics of Immiscible Two-Phase Fluid Reservoir Flow A Hanyga -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Balance equations, constitutive equations and the Clausius-Duhem inequality for a single-temperature immiscible flow -- 2. 1 Kinematics -- 2.2 Partial mass balances and mass conservation.

2.3 Partial momentum balances and momentum conservation -- 2.4 Energy balance and entropy production -- 3 Drag forces -- 4 Isothermal capillary hysteresis -- 5 Thermal effects in immiscible flows -- 6 Multi-phase porous flow -- 7 Wave propagation multi-phase porous media -- 8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix -- References -- Bottom reflection properties deduced from ambient noise: Simulation and experiment C H Harrison and A Baldacci -- 1 Introduction -- 2 THEORY / BACKGROUND -- 3 Measurement bounds -- 3.1 Examples with 16m array, 0.125 m hydrophone spacing, 128 elements -- 3.2 Examples with 16m array, 0.5 m hydrophone spacing, 32 elements -- 4 Test Cases - Isovelocity Water -- 4.1 A ddition of uncorrelated noise -- 4.2 Isovelocity: no absorption -- 4.3 Isovelocity with volume absorption - sheet source -- 4.3.1 Beam response -- 4.3.2 Reflection Loss -- 4.3.3 Isovelocity with volume absorption - distant point source -- 4.3.4 Isovelocity with volume absorption - nearby point source -- 5 Test Cases - Array Tilt -- 5.1 Tilted array - sheet source -- 5.2 Tilted array - combined point and sheet source -- 6 Test Cases - Range-Dependence -- 6.1 Spatial "footprint" -- 6.2 Isovelocity at two frequencies -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Measurement of the seabed reflection coefficient in shallow water: A comparison of two techniques C W Holland and C H Harrison -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Broadband Source and single hydrophone receiver (BB) -- 2.1 Error Analysis -- 2.2 Spherical Wave Reflection -- 3 Ambient noise and vertical receive array (VLA): AN technique -- 4 Comparison of the two approaches -- 4.1 Measurement and processing considerations -- 4.2 Reflection simulation -- 4.3 Reflection measurements -- 5 Conclusions -- 6 Acknowledgements -- References.

Azimuthal limitation in the parabolic-equation approximation for three-dimensional underwater acoustic propagation L-WHsieh, Y-TLin and C-F Chen -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Modal Decomposition in Horizontal Plane -- 3 PE Approximation and Error Estimation in Horizontal Plane -- 4 Numerical Results of Seamount Problem -- 4.1 Description of the Test Case -- 4.2 Transmission Loss and Comparisons -- 4.3 Modal Amplitudes and Comparisons -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Application of FEM/BEM method to interior acoustical field shaping by Helmholtz resonators B Irfanoglu and M Caliskan -- 1 Introduction -- 2 FEM/BEM Method and Implementation -- 3 Case Studies -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Blind ocean acoustic tomography with source spectrum estimation S M Jesus and C Soares -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimental setup and data description -- 3 Multichannel source spectrum deconvolution -- 4 Baseline model and data inversion -- 4-1 The baseline model -- 4-2 Data inversion -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Projection operator method for solving coupled-mode equations: An application to separating forward and backward scattered acoustic fields D P Knobles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 METHODOLOGY -- 3 Applications -- 4 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Molecular dynamics approach to sonoluminescent bubbles W Lauterborn et al. -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sonoluminescence -- 3 The molecular dynamics model -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Revolutionary Influence of the Parabolic Equation Approximation D Lee -- ABSTRACT -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 2 BASIC DEVELOPMENT -- 2.1 Theoretical Development -- 2.2 Split-step Fourier Algorithm -- 2.3 Advantages and Limitations -- Advantages -- Limitations -- 3 Immediate Effect -- NORDA Workshop I - -- 4 Vital Influence -- 5 Conclusive Remarks.

5.1 DEDICATION.