Cover -- Preface -- Contents -- Part-I Theory -- Chapter 1. Nuclear Energy Resources -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Neutron -- 1.2.1 Neutron Energy -- 1.2.2 Thermal Neutrons -- 1.3 Nuclear Processes -- 1.3.1 Fusion Process -- 1.3.2 Fission Process -- 1.3.3 Radioactivity -- 1.4 Nuclear Fuels -- 1.4.1 Fuel Cycle -- 1.4.2 Fuel Cycle with Reprocessing -- 1.4.3 Fuel Breeding -- 1.4.4 Deuterium -- 1.5 Share of Nuclear Energy -- 1.6 Indian Nuclear Programme -- Question Bank -- Chapter 2. Nuclear Reactor Engineering -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Chain Reaction -- 2.3 Nuclear Cross-sections -- 2.3.1 Neutron Beam -- 2.3.2 Microscopic Cross-section -- 2.3.3 Neutron Flux -- 2.3.4 Reaction Rate -- 2.3.5 Neutron Scattering -- 2.3.6 Neutron Moderation -- 2.3.7 Neutron Absorption -- 2.3.8 Neutron Reflection -- 2.4 Variation of Neutron Cross-section with Neutron Energy -- 2.5 Neutron Life Cycle -- 2.5.1 Theory of Nuclear Reactor -- 2.6 Reactor Configuration -- 2.6.1 Fuel Rods -- 2.6.2 Moderators -- 2.6.3 Coolants -- 2.6.4 Control Rods -- 2.6.5 Chemical-shim -- 2.6.6 Structural Materials -- 2.7 Classification of Nuclear Reactors -- Question Bank -- Part-II Design -- Chapter 3. Pressurized Water Reactors -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Reactor Assembly -- 3.2.1 Pressure Vessel -- 3.2.2 Coolant and Moderator -- 3.2.3 Reactor Core -- 3.2.4 Control Rods and Drives -- 3.3 Primary Loop -- 3.3.1 Steam Generator -- 3.3.2 Pressurizer -- 3.3.3 Primary Pumps -- 3.3.4 Piping and Valves -- 3.4 Pressure Changes in Pressurizer -- 3.5 Chemical-Shim Control -- 3.6 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) -- 3.7 CANDU Reactor -- Question Bank -- Chapter 4. Boiling Water Reactors -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Recirculation Ratio -- 4.3 Load Control by Recirculation Change -- 4.3.1 Recirculation System -- 4.3.2 Recirculation Pumps -- 4.4 Reactor Assembly -- 4.4.1 Core -- 4.4.2 Control Rods.

4.4.3 Control Rod Drive System -- 4.4.4 Steam Generation -- 4.5 Reactor Pressure Vessel -- Question Bank -- Chapter 5. Gas-cooled Reactors -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Magnox Gas-cooled Reactor -- 5.3 Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor (AGR) -- 5.4 High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) -- 5.4.1 Reactor Vessel -- 5.4.2 Control System -- 5.4.3 Primary Heat Transfer System -- 5.4.4 Steam Plant -- 5.4.5 Decay Heat Removal -- 5.5 Thorium High Temperature Reactor -- 5.6 Primary Cooling System -- 5.6.1 Steam Generator -- 5.6.2 Gas Circulators -- Question Bank -- Chapter 6. Fast Breeder Reactors -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Breeding Reactors -- 6.2.1 Breeding Ratios -- 6.2.2 Fuel Production Constants -- 6.2.3 Doubling Time -- 6.3 Types of Breeder Reactors -- 6.3.1 Loop-type LMFBR -- 6.3.2 Pool-type LMFBR -- 6.4 Loop Type Breeder Reactor -- 6.4.1 Reactor Core -- 6.4.2 The Reactor Vessel -- 6.4.3 Heat Transfer System -- 6.4.4 Intermediate Heat Exchangers -- 6.4.5 Steam Generator -- 6.4.6 Evaporators and Superheaters -- 6.4.7 Sodium Pump -- 6.5 Residual Heat Removal System -- 6.5.1 Steam By-pass -- 6.5.2 Steam-generator Heat Removal -- 6.5.3 Reactor Heat Removal -- 6.6 Design Data of Loop Type Breeder Reactor -- 6.7 Pool Type Breeder Reactor -- 6.7.1 Design Data of Super Phenix Mark I Reactor Plant -- 6.7.2 Reactor Vessel -- 6.7.3 Reactor Core -- 6.7.4 Fuel Assemblies -- 6.7.5 Fertile Assemblies -- 6.7.6 Control and Shutdown Rods -- 6.7.7 Heat Transfer Systems -- 6.7.8 Steam Generator -- 6.7.9 Decay-heat Removal -- 6.8 Gas Cooled Fast Breeder Reactor (GCFBR) -- 6.8.1 Reactor Core -- 6.8.2 Fuel Rods -- 6.8.3 Steam Generator -- Question Bank -- Chapter 7. Fuel Handling Systems -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Refuelling System -- 7.2.1 Pressurized Water Reactors -- 7.2.2 Boiling Water Reactor -- 7.2.3 Gas-cooled Reactor -- 7.3 Spent Fuel Storage -- 7.3.1 Radioactivity.

7.3.2 Properties of Emissions or Decays -- 7.3.3 Decay Rates and Half Lives -- 7.3.4 Half Lives of Important Isotopes -- 7.3.5 Fuel Storage Cooling System -- 7.3.6 Pool Water Requirement -- 7.4 Fuel Reprocessing -- 7.4.1 Chemical Process -- 7.4.2 Solidification of High Level Wastes -- 7.4.3 Disposal -- 7.5 Spent Fuel Storage -- 7.5.1 High-level Wastes -- 7.5.2 Biological Effects of High Level Wastes -- 7.5.3 Burial Sites -- Question Bank -- Chapter 8. Primary Coolant Purification System -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Activation of Primary Coolant in Water Reactors -- 8.2.1 Activation of Corrosion and Wear Products -- 8.2.2 Neutron Capture in Water -- 8.2.3 Other Impurities -- 8.2.4 Tritium Gas Production -- 8.3 Heavy Water Reactor -- 8.3.1 Tritium Gas Production -- 8.3.2 Neutron Capture in Heavy Water -- 8.4 High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor -- 8.5 Fast Breeder Reactors -- 8.6 Coolant Quality Requirements -- 8.6.1 PWR Primary Loop -- 8.6.2 BWR Coolant Loop -- 8.7 Purification Systems Requirements -- 8.7.1 PWR Purification System -- 8.7.2 BWR Purification System -- 8.7.3 Helium Purification System -- 8.8 Demineralizers -- 8.8.1 Deep Bed Demineralizer -- 8.8.2 Ground Resin Demineralizer -- 8.9 Boron Management -- 8.9.1 Boric Acid Recovery -- 8.10 Helium Purification and Hydrogen Removal System -- Question Bank -- Chapter 9. Reactor Protection and Control Systems -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Reactor Protection System -- 9.2.1 Design of Protection System -- 9.2.2 Parameters to be Monitored by Protection System -- 9.3 Protection Systems for Different Reactors -- 9.3.1 Pressurized Water Reactor -- 9.3.2 Boiling Water Reactor -- 9.3.3 Gas Cooled Reactor -- 9.4 Control System -- 9.5 Process Control System -- 9.6 Radiation Monitoring System -- Question Bank -- Part-III Fabrication -- Chapter 10. Construction Materials for Reactors -- 10.1 Introduction.

10.2 Construction of Nuclear Reactor -- 10.3 Operational Parameters of Reactors -- 10.3.1 Nuclear Parameters -- 10.3.2 Thermo-mechanical Parameters -- 10.3.3 Corrosion and Erosion -- 10.4 Types of Corrosion -- 10.5 Heat Transfer -- 10.6 Economical Parameters -- Chapter 11. Nuclear Properties of Stainless Steel -- 11.1 Use of Austenitic Stainless Steels -- 11.2 Nuclear Properties of Stainless Steel -- 11.3 Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel -- 11.3.1 Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels by High-purity Water -- 11.3.2 Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels by Molten Metals -- 11.3.3 Corrosion of Stainless Steels by Hot Gases -- 11.3.4 Corrosion of Stainless Steels by Nuclear Fuels and Fission Products -- 11.3.5 Corrosion of Stainless Steel by Sea Water -- 11.4 Thermo-mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel -- 11.5 Technological Properties of Stainless Steel -- 11.6 Compatibility of Stainless Steel with Gasketing and Insulating Materials -- 11.7 Economics of Use of Stainless Steel -- Chapter 12. Reactor Components -- 12.1 Nuclear Components -- 12.1.1 Reactor Pressure Vessel -- 12.1.2 Steam Generator -- 12.1.3 Pressure Vessels and Tanks -- 12.1.4 Heat Exchangers -- 12.1.5 Pumps -- 12.1.6 Valves -- 12.1.7 Piping -- 12.2 Conclusion -- Chapter 13. Pressure Containing Welds -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Pressure Containing Welds -- 13.3 Design and Service Requirements -- 13.4 Seismic Loading -- 13.4.1 Thermo-mechanical Parameters -- 13.4.2 Corrosion and Erosion -- 13.4.3 Nuclear Parameters -- 13.4.4 Additional Requirements -- 13.5 Design Controls -- 13.5.1 Operating Cycle -- 13.5.2 Design bases for Protection against Natural Phenomenon -- 13.5.3 Fire Protection -- 13.5.4 Environmental and Missile Design Bases -- 13.5.5 Stress Analysis and Control -- 13.6 Metallurgical Controls -- 13.6.1 Fracture Prevention -- 13.6.2 Impact Properties.

13.6.3 Material Control -- 13.7 Fabrication Controls -- 13.7.1 Weld Joint Design -- 13.7.2 Selection of Filler Metal -- 13.7.3 Welding Methods -- 13.8 Quality Assurance -- 13.9 Inservice Inspection -- 13.10 Conclusion -- Chapter 14. Fabrication and Testing of Heat Exchangers -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Technical Requirements of Tube Joint -- 14.2.1 Types of Tube to Tube-sheet Joints -- 14.2.2 Tube Expanding Parameters -- 14.2.3 Tube-end Expansion -- 14.2.4 Groove Designs -- 14.2.5 Length of Expansion -- 14.2.6 Strength and Stability of Joint -- 14.2.7 Metallurgical Requirements of Welded Tube Joint -- 14.3 Material Checking -- 14.3.1 Tubesheets -- 14.3.2 Tubes -- 14.3.3 U-tubes -- 14.4 Calibration of Expanding Tool and Mock-Up Test -- 14.5 Insertion of Tubes -- 14.6 Tubesheet Holes and Clearances -- 14.7 Check List of Material Test Certificates -- 14.8 Heat Exchanger Tubes -- 14.9 Ring Out Test for Determination of Internal Stresses -- 14.10 Stress Relieving of Heat Exchanger Tubes -- 14.11 Welding of Tubes to Tubesheets -- 14.11.1 Carbon Steels -- 14.11.2 Low Alloy Carbon Steels -- 14.11.3 Chromium - Molybdenum Steels with 1% Cr and 0.5% Mo -- 14.11.4 Austenitic Stainless Steels (Type 316, 321 and 347) -- 14.12 Sealing of Joints -- 14.12.1 Seal Welding -- 14.12.2 Back Brazing -- 14.12.3 Rubber Latex -- 14.12.4 Long Tube Joints -- 14.13 Testing -- 14.14 Welding Parameters -- 14.15 Procedure Qualification for Tube to Tubesheet Welding -- 14.16 Test Assembly -- 14.17 Examination -- Appendices -- Index.