Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Part One Understanding Reliability Parameters and Costs -- The history of reliability and safety technology -- Failure data -- Hazardous failures -- Reliability and risk prediction -- Achieving reliability and safety-integrity -- The RAMS-cycle -- Contractual pressures -- Understanding terms and jargon -- Defining failure and failure modes -- Failure Rate and Mean Time Between Failures -- Interrelationships of terms -- The Bathtub Distribution -- Down Time and Repair Time -- Availability, Unavailability and Probability of Failure on Demand -- Hazard and risk-related terms -- Choosing the appropriate parameter -- Exercises -- A cost-effective approach to quality, reliability and safety -- Reliability and cost -- Costs and safety -- The cost of quality -- Part Two Interpreting Failure Rates -- Realistic failure rates and prediction confidence -- Data accuracy -- Sources of data -- Data ranges -- Confidence limits of prediction -- Overall conclusions -- Interpreting data and demonstrating reliability -- The four cases -- Inference and confidence levels -- The Chi-square Test -- Double-sided confidence limits -- Summarizing the Chi-square Test -- Reliability demonstration -- Sequential testing -- Setting up demonstration tests -- Exercises -- Variable failure rates and probability plotting -- The Weibull Distribution -- Using the Weibull Method -- More complex cases of the Weibull Distribution -- Continuous processes -- Exercises -- Part Three Predicting Reliability and Risk -- Basic reliability prediction theory -- Why predict RAMS? -- Probability theory -- Reliability of series systems -- Redundancy rules -- General features of redundancy -- Exercises -- Methods of modelling -- Block Diagrams and Repairable Systems -- Common cause (dependent) failure -- Fault Tree Analysis -- Event Tree Diagrams.

Quantifying the reliability models -- The reliability prediction method -- Allowing for diagnostic intervals -- FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) -- Human factors -- Simulation -- Comparing predictions with targets -- Exercises -- Risk assessment (QRA) -- Frequency and consequence -- Perception of risk and ALARP -- Hazard identification -- Factors to quantify -- Part Four Achieving Reliability and Maintainability -- Design and assurance techniques -- Specifying and allocating the requirement -- Stress analysis -- Environmental stress protection -- Failure mechanisms -- Complexity and parts -- Burn-in and screening -- Maintenance strategies -- Design review and test -- Review techniques -- Categories of testing -- Reliability growth modelling -- Exercises -- Field data collection and feedback -- Reasons for data collection -- Information and difficulties -- Times to failure -- Spreadsheets and databases -- Best practice and recommendations -- Analysis and presentation of results -- Examples of failure report forms -- Factors influencing down time -- Key design areas -- Maintenance strategies and handbooks -- Predicting and demonstrating repair times -- Prediction methods -- Demonstration plans -- Quantified reliability centred maintenance -- What is QRCM? -- The QRCM decision process -- Optimum replacement (discard) -- Optimum spares -- Optimum proof test -- Condition monitoring -- Systematic failures, especially software -- Programmable devices -- Software-related failures -- Software failure modelling -- Software quality assurance -- Modern/formal methods -- Software checklists -- Part Five Legal, Management and Safety Considerations -- Project management -- Setting objectives and specifications -- Planning, feasibility and allocation -- Programme activities -- Responsibilities -- Functional safety capability.

Standards and guidance documents -- Contract clauses and their pitfalls -- Essential areas -- Other areas -- Pitfalls -- Penalties -- Subcontracted reliability assessments -- Examples -- Product liability and safety legislation -- The general situation -- Strict liability -- The Consumer Protection Act 1987 -- Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 -- Insurance and product recall -- Major incident legislation -- History of major incidents -- Development of major incident legislation -- CIMAH safety reports -- Offshore safety cases -- Problem areas -- The COMAH directive (1999) -- Rail -- Integrity of safety-related systems -- Safety-related or safety-critical? -- Safety-integrity levels (SILs) -- Programmable electronic systems (PESs) -- Current guidance -- Framework for certification -- A case study: The Datamet Project -- Introduction -- The DATAMET concept -- The contract -- Detailed design -- Syndicate study -- Hints -- A case study: Gas Detection System -- Safety-integrity target -- Random hardware failures -- ALARP -- Architectures -- Life-cycle activities -- Functional safety capability -- Glossary -- Percentage points of the Chi-square distribution -- Microelectronics failure rates -- General failure rates -- Failure mode percentages -- Human error rates -- Fatality rates -- Answers to exercises -- Bibliography -- Scoring criteria for BETAPLUS common cause model -- Example of HAZOP -- HAZID checklist -- Markov analysis of redundant systems -- Index.