Biomedical Politics -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Introduction -- References -- Unproven AIDS Therapies: The Food and Drug Administration and DDI -- THE DRUG REGULATION PROCESS -- The Drug Approval Process Today -- Speeding Up the Process: The "Bush Initiative" -- Prelicensing Availability -- PARALLEL TRACK -- PARALLEL TRACK: PROS AND CONS -- The Food and Drug Administration -- The Research Community -- The AIDS Activists -- Other Consumer Interests -- EARLY RELEASE OF DDI -- MOTIVATIONS -- Bristol-Myers -- The Food and Drug Administration -- The National Institutes of Health -- The Activists -- CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Commentary -- LEON EISENBERG -- Commentary -- PETER F. CARPENTER -- A Political History of RU-486 -- Introducing Contraceptives to the United States -- THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF RU-486 -- COMMERCIAL INTEREST IN RU-486 -- THE GROWING THREAT OF ANTI-ABORTION GROUPS -- CORPORATE PRESSURE FOR WITHDRAWAL -- THE RETURN OF RU-486 -- THE CONTINUING OPPOSITION -- SUCCESS OF THE BOYCOTT THREAT -- THE FEMINIST AND MEDICAL COMMUNITY RESPONSE -- INTERNATIONAL RU-486 AVAILABILITY -- GETTING RU-486 TO THE UNITED STATES -- INDUSTRY CONSTRAINTS ON RU-486 DEVELOPMENT -- Market Share and Price -- FDA Review -- Product Liability -- Public Relations -- AMERICAN ACCESS TO RU-486 IN THE 1990S -- REFERENCES -- Commentary -- WILLIAM N. HUBBARD -- Commentary -- PETER F. CARPENTER -- The Human Genome Project: The Formation of Federal Policies in the United States, 1986-1990 -- TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND -- ORIGINS OF DEDICATED GENOME RESEARCH PROGRAMS -- THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY PLAN -- THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY RESPONDS -- CALLS FOR EVALUATION -- THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH AND CONGRESS RESPOND -- THE PROJECT IS FUNDED -- SOCIAL ISSUES EMERGE -- STILL, ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES -- CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX A.

Where Was OSTP? -- APPENDIX B -- Can the Genome Project Keep Its Promises? -- APPENDIX C -- Is Cost Wobble a Serious Problem? -- APPENDIX D -- What Is "Technically Feasible" in the Policy Context? -- REFERENCES -- Commentary -- PAUL BERG -- Commentary -- ERNEST R. MAY -- Origins of the Medicare Kidney Disease Entitlement: The Social Security Amendments of 1972 -- A HISTORICAL FOOTNOTE -- ANTECEDENTS TO THE 1972 LEGISLATION -- The Influence of the Gottschalk Report -- Setting the Legislative Stage -- THE SOCIAL SECURITY AMENDMENTS OF 1972, SECTION 299I -- The Legislative Process -- The Policy Context -- The Adoption of Section 299I -- Ways and Means: November and December 1971 -- Senate Finance Committee: 1972 -- The Joint House-Senate Conference Committee: 1972 -- ESTIMATES OF COST -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- AFTERWORD -- APPENDIX -- Public Law 92-603, 92nd Congress, H.R. 1 October 30, 1972 -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Commentary -- CARL W. GOTTSCHALK -- Commentary -- STANLEY JOEL REISER -- Deliberations of the Human Fetal Tissue Transplantation Research Panel -- BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT -- PROCESS -- THE MORAL STATUS OF THE FETUS AND THE MORALITY OF ABORTION -- COMPLICITY, COLLABORATION, AND COOPERATION IN MORAL EVIL -- INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF ABORTIONS -- General Altruism -- Specific Altruism -- Incentives of Financial Gain -- SOCIETAL LEGITIMATION OF ABORTION DECISIONS AND PRACTICES -- DISPOSITIONAL AUTHORITY OVER FETAL REMAINS -- LIMITS ON DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION AND DECISION MAKING -- OTHER ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- OTHER DEVELOPMENTS AND PUBLIC POLICY RESPONSES -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX A -- APPENDIX B -- Human Fetal Tissue Transplantation Research Panel -- REFERENCES -- ADDITIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Commentary -- PATRICIA A. KING -- NOTES -- Commentary -- WALTER HARRELSON -- Asilomar and Recombinant DNA: The End of the Beginning.

THE COMING OF AGE OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY -- Structure of DNA -- Fruit Flies, Corn, and Molds -- The Need for Germs -- An International Frontier -- SETTING THE STAGE: THE EXPERIMENT AND ITS EFFECTS -- Critique -- The Encounter -- The "First" Asilomar Conference -- EcoRI -- Scientific Exchange and Scrutiny -- THE 1973 GORDON CONFERENCE ON NUCLEIC ACIDS -- THE ACADEMY'S TURN -- THE ASILOMAR CONFERENCE -- Monday, February 24-Opening Day -- Tuesday, February 25-Getting Down to Guidelines -- Wednesday, February 26-Dissonance and Lessons in the Law -- Thursday, February 27-The Final Hours -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- APPENDIX -- Participants in the International Conference on Recombinant DNA Molecules Asilomar Conference Center ... -- Organizing Committee -- Domestic Participants -- Foreign Participants -- Press Participants -- Commentary -- DOROTHY NELKIN -- Commentary -- PAUL SLOVIC -- THE NATURE OF PERCEPTION -- THE EFFECTS OF PERCEPTIONS -- REFERENCES -- Conclusions -- THEMES OF DECISION MAKING -- Pluralism and Democracy -- Incrementalism -- Chance, Fate, and Politics -- Precedents and the Slippery Slope -- Politics, Expertise, and Process -- QUESTIONS FOR RESEARCH -- How and Why Does an Issue Become Public, and What Is the Proper Response? -- What Are the Roles of Science Versus the Public in Risk Recognition, Perception, Assessment, and Management? -- What Are the Role and Impact of the Media in Publicizing and Defining the Debate? -- How Can We Evaluate and Predict the Impact of Single-Issue Politics? -- How Have the Ground Rules and Institutions Changed in Biomedical Decision Making? -- How Can Costs of Research and Treatment Be Estimated to Diminish Future Conflicts? -- When Is Consensual Decision Making the Most Desirable Approach? -- What Are the Domains of Politics and Science? Where Do They Overlap? What Is the Role of Expertise?.

Who Represents the Public? -- QUESTIONS FOR POLICY MAKERS -- REFERENCES -- Appendixes -- Appendix A The Public and the Expert in Biomedical Policy Controversies -- QUESTIONING THE EXPERTS: THE CHALLENGE FROM LAYMEN -- QUESTIONING THE EXPERTS: THE CHALLENGE FROM OFFICIALDOM -- THE EXPERT'S JOURNEY INTO PUBLIC DOMAIN -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Appendix B Biographical Notes on Authors and Commentators -- Index.