FOOD LABELING -- Copyright -- Preface -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Contents -- 1 Summary -- CONTEXTUAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE REGULATION OF MISBRANDED FOOD -- CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING ADEQUATE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FEDERAL STATUTE -- COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS OF FEDERAL AND STATE FOOD LABELING REQUIREMENTS -- FDCA Section 403(b) -- Conclusions -- FDCA Section 403(d) -- Conclusions -- FDCA Section 403(f) -- Conclusions -- FDCA Section 403(h) -- Conclusions -- FDCA Section 403(i)(1) -- Conclusions -- Common Names for Specific Foods -- Bottled Water -- Cider, Cider Vinegar, and Other Vinegar Products -- Citrus -- Honey -- Maple Syrup -- Milk, Milk Products, and Other Dairy Products -- Olive and Vegetable Oils -- Oriental Noodles -- Pine Nuts -- Poi -- Seafood -- Vidalia Onions -- Wild Rice -- FDCA Section 403(k) -- Conclusions -- ISSUES RAISED BY STATES, CONSUMERS, AND INDUSTRY -- 2 Background of the Study -- COMMITTEE PROCEDURES -- REFERENCE -- 3 Contextual Factors Affecting the Regulation of Misbranded Food -- DEVELOPMENTS BEFORE 1900 -- Food Production and Marketing -- Public Health -- Food Regulation -- DEVELOPMENTS BETWEEN 1900 AND 1940 -- Food Production and Marketing -- Public Health -- Food Regulation -- DEVELOPMENTS BETWEEN 1940 AND 1970 -- Food Production and Marketing -- Public Health -- Food Regulation -- DEVELOPMENTS BETWEEN 1970 AND 1990 -- Food Production and Marketing -- Public Health -- Food Regulation -- CURRENT FEDERAL AND STATE ROLES IN FOOD REGULATION -- IMPLICATIONS FOR FDCA SECTION 403 -- REFERENCES -- 4 Criteria for Determining Adequate Implementation of the Federal Statute -- THE HISTORICAL APPROACH OF FDA IN IMPLEMENTING FDCA -- FDCA and Court Enforcement Actions -- The Increasing Use of Regulations -- Advisory Opinions as a Means of Implementation -- Speeches, Articles, and Other Statements by FDA Employees.

FDA Policy on Preemption -- SUMMARY OF STATE AND LOCAL COMMENTS -- SUMMARY OF INDUSTRY COMMENTS -- SUMMARY OF CONSUMER INTEREST GROUP COMMENTS -- COMMITTEE DELIBERATIONS -- Establishing a Foundation for Discussion -- Discussion of Recommendations to the Committee -- Sources Other Than Regulations for Determining Adequacy of FDA Implementation -- State Regulations as an Indicator of Adequacy of FDA Implementation -- DEVELOPING THE COMMITTEE'S CRITERIA -- REFERENCES -- 5 Comparison and Analysis of Federal and State Food Labeling Requirements -- COMPLEXITY OF THE ANALYSIS AND COVERAGE -- FOOD UNDER THE NAME OF ANOTHER FOOD-SECTION 403(B) -- Federal Requirements -- State Requirements -- Industry Perspective -- Consumer Perspective -- Conclusions -- CONTAINER FILL AND DECEPTIVE PACKAGING-SECTION 403(D) -- Federal Requirements -- Related Sections of Law -- State Requirements -- Industry Perspective -- Consumer Perspective -- Conclusions -- PLACEMENT OF REQUIRED INFORMATION-SECTION 403(F) -- Federal Requirements -- Section 101.1 - Principal Display Panel -- Section 101.2 - Information Panel -- Section 101.3 - Identity Labeling of Food -- Case Law -- State Requirements -- Dairy Products-Substitutes -- Blended Products -- Disclosure of Colors, Flavors, and Preservatives -- Other Prominence Regulations -- Industry Perspective -- Consumer Perspective -- Conclusions -- STANDARDS OF QUALITY AND OF FILL OF CONTAINER-SECTION 403(H) -- Federal Requirements -- Case Law -- State Requirements -- Industry Perspective -- Consumer Perspective -- Conclusions -- COMMON OR USUAL NAME-SECTION 403(I)(1) -- Federal Requirements -- Petitions Regarding Common or Usual Names -- Imitation, Alternative, and Substitute Food Products -- State Requirements -- Industry Perspective -- Consumer Perspective -- General Conclusions -- Discussion of Common and Usual Names for Specific Foods.

Bottled Water -- Cider, Cider Vinegar, and Other Vinegar Products -- Citrus Products -- Honey -- Milk, milk Products, and Other Dairy Products -- Seafood -- Miscellaneous State Food Labeling Requirements -- Maple Syrup -- Olive and Vegetable Oils -- Oriental Noodles -- Pine Nuts -- Poi -- Vidalia Onions -- Wild Rice -- LABELING OF ARTIFICIAL COLORINGS, FLAVORINGS, AND CHEMICAL PRESERVATIVES-SECTION 403(K) -- Federal Requirements -- Current Requirements -- Case Law -- State Requirements -- Label Requirements for Specific Colors, Flavors, or Preservatives -- Prohibitions on Colors, Flavors, and Chemical Preservatives in Specific Foods -- Label Requirements for Specific Foods Containing Artificial Colorings, Flavorings, and Chemical... -- Label Requirements Regarding Quantities of Artificial Colorings, Flavorings, and Chemical Preservatives -- Label Requirements for Colors, Flavors, or Preservatives in Bulk Foods -- Label Requirements for Foods Prepared and/or Served on Premises -- Other State Labeling Requirements -- Implementation -- Industry Perspective -- Consumer Perspective -- Conclusions -- REFERENCES -- 6 Issues Raised by States, Consumers, and Industry -- ENFORCEMENT AS A DIMENSION OF IMPLEMENTATION -- STATE ACTION UNDER NLEA -- COOPERATIVE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FDA AND THE STATES -- PREEMPTION AND THE PETITION PROCESS -- ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NONUNIFORMITY -- Monitoring of Individual State Legislative and Regulatory Activities -- Product Negotiations with Individual States Having Unique Labeling Requirements -- Legal Confrontations Over Individual State Requirements -- Product Retrieval Relabeling, and Scrapping of Product and Labels -- The Practical Value of Uniform Labeling -- COMMITTEE OBSERVATIONS -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIXES -- A Provision for the State Food Labeling Study Contained in the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act...

(b) STUDY AND REGULATIONS - -- B Participants at the Public Meeting* Held by the Committee on State Food Labeling May 30, 1991 -- C Letter of Request Sent to State and Local Regulators and Consumer Groups by the Committee on... -- D States Providing Written Response to the Six Questions from the Committee on State Food Labeling -- E Individuals from States That Provided Information to the Committee on State Food Labeling -- F State and Local Laws, Regulations, and Other Materials Submitted to the Committee on State Food... -- G Areas of Discrepancy Between Federal and State Food Labeling Requirements Identified by States an... -- H State Food Labeling Requirements and Relationship to the Misbranding Provisions of Section 403 of... -- I Case Study: Requirements for Labeling Bottled Water -- FDA ADOPTION OF STANDARD OF QUALITY AND GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE REGULATIONS -- CONGRESSIONAL SCRUTINY -- STATE ACTIONS -- ASSESSMENT OF ADEQUACY AND CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- J Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff -- Index.