The Medical Implications of Nuclear War -- Copyright -- Contents -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- UNDERSTANDING AND PREVENTING NUCLEAR WAR: THE EXPANDING ROLE OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY -- Bibliography Some Recent Books Published By Scientific Organizations Concerned With Nuclear War -- PART I NUCLEAR WAR WITH MODEM WEAPONS: PHYSICAL EFFECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES -- Possible Fatalities from Superfires Following Nuclear Attacks in or Near Urban Areas -- INTRODUCTION -- INCENDIARY EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS -- SUPERFIRES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS -- ESTIMATES OF NOXIOUS GAS CONCENTRATIONS WITHIN THE MASS FIRE REGION -- COMBINED TOXIC EFFECTS OF FIRE GASES AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURES -- MASS FIRE EXPERIENCES OF WORLD WAR II -- MODEL FOR ESTIMATING FATALITIES FROM SUPERFIRES -- FATALITY POTENTIAL OF SUPERFIRES -- COMPARISON OF OTHER TARGET SETS WITH THE REFERENCE CASE -- CONCLUSION -- Notes -- A Review of the Physics of Large Urban Fires -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORY OF URBAN FIRES -- CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE-SCALE URBAN FIRES -- MODELING LARGE-FIRE ENVIRONMENTS -- SUMMARY -- References -- Recent Assessments of the Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War -- NEW FINDINGS -- POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF PLASTICS TO NUCLEAR WINTER -- References -- APPENDIX -- Scope/Enuwar Executive Summary -- Executive Summary -- 1. DIRECT EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS -- 2. STRATEGIES AND SCENARIOS FOR A NUCLEAR WAR -- 3. THE EXTENT OF FIRES AND GENERATION OF SMOKE -- 4. THE EVOLUTION AND RADIATIVE EFFECTS OF THE SMOKE -- 5. SMOKE-INDUCED ATMOSPHERIC PERTURBATIONS -- 6. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY IN A POST-NUCLEAR-WAR ENVIRONMENT -- 7. RADIOLOGICAL DOSE -- 8. TASKS FOR THE FUTURE -- Nuclear Famine: The Indirect Effects of Nuclear War -- INTRODUCTION -- ECOSYSTEM VULNERABILITIES -- AGRICULTURAL VULNERABILITIES -- VULNERABILITY TO DISRUPTIONS IN FOOD AVAILABILITY -- CONCLUSION.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- Nuclear Winter: The State of the Science -- References -- Atmospheric Perturbations of Large-Scale Nuclear War -- References -- Possible Toxic Environments Following a Nuclear War -- TOXIC CHEMICALS -- ULTRAVIOLET SPRING -- PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG FORMATION -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- Radioactive Fallout -- OVERVIEW -- RADIOACTIVITY FROM NUCLEAR WEAPONS -- Introduction -- Local Fallout -- Single-Weapon Fallout Model -- Dose Estimation From Multiple Explosions -- Sample Calculation Of Multiple-Weapon Fallout -- Global Fallout -- Global Dose In An Unperturbed Atmosphere Using Specific Scenarios -- Global Fallout In A Perturbed Atmosphere -- Internal Dose Due To Inhalation And The Food Chain -- Summary -- RADIOACTIVITY FROM NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE FACILITIES -- Introduction -- Local Fallout -- Global Fallout -- APPENDIX: THE IMPACT OF FALLOUT ON HUMANS -- Global Fallout -- Local Fallout -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- PART II HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF NUCLEAR WAR -- Casualties Due to the Blast, Heat, and Radioactive Fallout from Various Hypothetical Nuclear Attacks on the… -- OVERVIEW -- INTRODUCTION -- CASUALTIES FROM "100-MEGATON" ATTACKS -- Blast and Burn Casualty Models -- Overpressure Model -- Ranges of Casualties Calculated for 100-Mt Attacks on U.S. City Centers, Military-Supporting Industry, or Strategic… -- CASUALTIES FROM A MAJOR ATTACK ON U.S. STRATEGIC NUCLEAR TARGETS -- Description Of The Attack -- FALLOUT CASUALTY MODEL -- Radiation Protection Factors -- Population Radiation Sensitivity -- Cancers -- Ranges of Casualties Calculated for Attack on U.S. Strategic Nuclear Targets -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- Acute Radiation Mortality in a Nuclear War -- OVERVIEW -- Notes -- Burn and Blast Casualties: Triage in Nuclear War -- THE CONCEPT OF TRIAGE -- EXPERIENCE WITH MASS CASUALTY MANAGEMENT -- The U.S. Civil War.

World War I -- World War II -- The Vietnam War -- Summary Of Experience From Conventional War -- BURN AND BLAST INJURIES IN NUCLEAR WAR -- Triage in Nuclear War -- Medical Management -- Blast Injury -- Head Injuries -- Thoracic Injuries -- Tympanic Membrane Rupture -- Long-Bone Fractures -- Soft Tissue Injuries -- Abdominal Injuries -- Burn Injury -- Casualty Assessment -- Review Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki Data -- Projections Of Number Of Injured And Number Of Providers -- Medical Response -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- Notes -- Food and Nutrition in the Aftermath of Nuclear War -- Notes -- Psychological Consequences of Disaster: Analogies for the Nuclear Case -- INTRODUCTION -- Classification Of Disasters As Analogies For The Nuclear Case -- Disaster Agents -- Appropriateness Of Analogies -- ANALYSIS OF HUMAN REACTIONS TO DISASTERS -- Threat -- Warnings -- Studies Of Disaster Warnings -- Short Warning Times -- Longer Warning Times -- Effects Of Warnings, And Features That Lead People To Heed Them -- Summary -- POSTDISASTER BEHAVIOR: IMPACT, RECOIL, AND POSTIMPACT -- Impact -- Recoil -- Postimpact -- CONVENTIONAL BOMBING -- Preparations -- Effects -- Summary -- NUCLEAR BOMBING: HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI -- Summary -- References And Bibliography -- The Immunological Impact of Nuclear Warfare -- BACKGROUND -- IONIZING RADIATION -- ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION -- BURNS AND TRAUMA -- PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS: STRESS, DEPRESSION, AND BEREAVEMENT -- MALNUTRITION -- DISCUSSION -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- Notes -- Expected Incidence of Cancer Following Nuclear War -- Notes -- Genetic Consequences of Nuclear War -- INTRODUCTION -- RADIATION DOSE TO SURVIVORS -- GENETIC RADIATION EFFECTS -- POPULATIONS AND EFFECTS -- OTHER EFFECTS ON FUTURE GENERATIONS -- GENETIC HANDICAPS IN THE POSTWAR WORLD -- THE WORSE, THE BETTER: A TRAGIC PARADOX -- Notes.

PART III MEDICAL RESOURCE NEEDS AND AVAILABILITY FOLLOWING NUCLEAR WAR -- Medical Supply and Demand in a Post-Nuclear-War World -- SUPPLY VERSUS DEMAND: A MASSIVE EXCHANGE -- Number And Types Of Injuries -- Current Versus Postattack Resources And Requirements -- Medical Personnel -- Hospital Beds -- Blood And Blood Products -- Postattack Requirements for Blood and Fluids -- Trauma -- Burns -- Radiation -- Drugs and Medical Supplies: Preattack and Postattack Resources Versus Need -- Resources -- Needs -- SUPPLY VERSUS DEMAND: A ONE-MEGATON AIRBURST OVER AN URBAN CENTER -- SUPPLY VERSUS DEMAND: THE DEVELOPING WORLD -- Need Versus Availability -- Drugs -- Medical Equipment -- Food -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- Notes -- The Consequences of Nuclear War: An Economic and Social Perspective -- INTRODUCTION -- WARNINGS OF WAR -- THE DIRECT AND IMMEDIATE IMPACT OF WAR -- Damage To Cities -- Damage to Electronic Systems: Effects of Electromagnetic Pulse -- Direct Consequences for Medical Care -- THE LINGERING EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR WAR -- Prospects for a General Economic Recovery -- Reasons for Doubting Economic Projections -- Methodological Concerns -- The Social Aspects Of Recovery -- Conceptual Framework -- Application To CRP-2b -- Critical Industries: Prospects For Recovery -- Pharmaceutical Industry -- Energy Industry -- Capital As Embodied Energy -- Do We Have Enough Oil And Gas To Rebuild? -- Agriculture -- Money, Credit, And Banking -- Trade Relationships -- Treatment Of Surviving Capital -- Why Would the U.S. Experience Differ from That of Germany and Japan? -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- NOTES -- References -- PART IV IMAGES AND RISKS OF NUCLEAR WAR: PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVES -- Children's and Adolescents' Perceptions of the Threat of Nuclear War: Implications of Recent Studies -- OVERVIEW -- INTRODUCTION -- SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING.

RELATIVE WEIGHT OF NUCLEAR WAR VERSUS OTHER ISSUES -- INTERNATIONAL STUDIES -- Finland -- Canada -- New Zealand -- Sweden -- International Survey Research -- Ussr-United States -- QUALITATIVE STUDIES -- DISCUSSION -- Methodological Issues -- Characteristics Of The Nuclear Issue -- Feelings Engendered In Those Who Become Involved: A Painful Awareness -- IMPLICATIONS -- The Nature of Young People's Experience and the Need for Education -- HOPE AND THE FUTURE -- Notes -- Scandinavian Youth View the Future: A Preliminary Report of a Large Questionnaire Survey -- STUDY METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY -- Adult Beliefs, Feelings, and Actions Regarding Nuclear War: Evidence from Surveys and Experiments -- MODAL BELIEFS ABOUT NUCLEAR WAR -- MODAL FEELINGS ABOUT NUCLEAR WAR -- MODAL ACTIONS REGARDING NUCLEAR WAR -- SOURCES OF THE CONSENSUAL BELIEFS, FEELINGS, AND (IN) ACTION -- PREDISPOSITIONS TO ACTION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- NOTES -- References -- Hope and the Denial of Stress in the Nuclear Age -- References -- The Nuclear Arms Race and the Psychology of Power -- INTRODUCTION -- PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERS -- EMOTIONAL INSTIGATORS OF VIOLENCE -- THE IMAGE OF THE ENEMY -- VIOLENCE AND NUCLEAR WEAPONS -- NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND CONCEPTUAL INERTIA -- NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND DEMONSTRATION OF RESOLVE -- GROUNDS FOR HOPE CREATED BY NEW TECHNOLOGIES -- CONCLUSION -- References -- Managerial Demands of Modern Weapons Systems -- Sources of Human Instability in the Handling of Nuclear Weapons -- THE CHARACTER OF THE WORK AND ITS IMPACT -- ALCOHOL, DRUG USE, AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS -- The U.S. Military -- PSYCHIATRIC PROBLEMS -- The Soviet Military -- The British Military -- SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AS A SECURITY RISK -- THE PERSONNEL RELIABILITY PROGRAM -- WEAKNESSES OF THE PERSONNEL RELIABILITY PROGRAM.

STRENGTHENING THE PRP.