STRENGTHENING RESEARCH IN ACADEMIC OB/GYN DEPARTMENTS -- Copyright -- PREFACE -- Contents -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- THE CURRENT SITUATION -- COMMITTEE FINDINGS -- Findings Related to Career Choices -- Findings Related to NIH and Other External Support -- Findings Relating to Departments of OB/GYN -- Findings Related to Professional Organizations -- COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS -- Recommendations for NIH and NICHD -- Recommendations for Other External Support -- Recommendations for Which Multiple Groups Have Responsibility -- Recommendations for Departments of OB/GYN -- Recommendations for Professional Organizations -- Recommendations for Leadership -- A RESEARCH AGENDA FOR OB/GYN -- OOCYTE AND FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT IN THE OVARY -- Follicular Formation -- Follicular Atresia -- Follicular Recruitment, Selection, and Dominance -- Corpus Luteum Function -- Leukocytes, Cytokines, and Ovarian Function -- FERTILIZATION -- FETAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT -- Embryology and Congenital Malformations -- Fetal Growth and Placental Transport -- Congenital Infection and Substance Abuse -- Perinatal Research -- Epidemiological Research -- PRETERM LABOR -- Preterm, Premature Rupture of the Fetal Membranes -- Complications of Pregnancy That Compromise Fetal or Maternal Well-Being Independent of the Onset of... -- Preterm Onset of Labor -- Preterm Labor and Infection -- CONTRACEPTION -- Contraceptive Implants -- Contraceptive Rings (CRs) -- Transdermal Delivery -- Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) -- Oral Contraception -- Barrier Methods -- Male Contraception -- Antifertility Vaccines -- Sperm Antigens -- LHRH-Vaccine Used With or Without a Vaccine to the Luteinizing Hormone or FSH (Follicle Stimulating... -- Medical Abortifacients -- INFERTILITY -- Epidemiology -- Cervical Physiology and Function -- Fallopian Tube Function -- Endometriosis -- Male Infertility.

In Vitro Fertilization and New Reproductive Technologies -- PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME -- THE BRAIN AND REPRODUCTION -- MENOPAUSE -- ONCOLOGY -- Ovarian Cancer -- Uterine Neoplasms -- Cervical Cancers -- Vulvar Malignancies -- Breast Cancer -- Trophoblastic Disease -- SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES -- Prevent Sexually Transmitted Diseases by Developing Clinically Effective and Safe Vaccines -- Develop Cost-Effective Tests for Early Diagnosis of STDs -- Develop New Therapies Where Needed and New Cost-Effective Antibiotics That are Easily Administered a... -- Clarify the Natural History of Genital Infections -- Define Behaviors Associated with the Acquisition and Spread of STDs -- Characterize the Role of STDs in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- ORIGINS OF THE STUDY -- IOM Planning Committee -- THE CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE -- THE COMMITTEE'S INTERPRETATION OF ITS CHARGE -- LIMITS ON THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY -- CONDUCT OF THE STUDY -- GENERAL CONCERNS ABOUT CLINICAL INVESTIGATION -- BELIEFS ABOUT RESEARCH AND ACADEMIC DEPARTMENTS OF OB/GYN -- REFERENCES -- 2 IS THERE A PROBLEM? -- SUPPORT OF RESEARCH AND TRAINING IN DEPARTMENTS OF OB/GYN -- The Role of Foundations -- Other Private-Sector Training Support -- Voluntary Health Agencies -- Federal Support -- Competition for NIH Funds -- STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DEPARTMENTS OF OB/GYN -- Overview of Faculty in Clinical Departments of Medical Schools -- Research Intensiveness -- A RESEARCH AGENDA FOR DEPARTMENTS OF OB/GYN -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 3 CAREER CHOICES -- CAREER PATHWAYS -- DEBT -- FOREGONE EARNINGS -- DURATION OF TRAINING -- Specialty and Subspecialty Training in OB/GYN -- Fast-Track Training for Researchers in Other Specialties -- WOMEN AND RESEARCH -- SUMMARY OF CAREER CHOICE FACTORS -- REFERENCES -- 4 NIH POLICIES AND STRUCTURE -- ABSENCE OF OB/GYN IN THE NIH INTRAMURAL PROGRAM.

ABSENCE OF A FOCAL POINT FOR OB/GYN RESEARCH AT NIH -- Pros and Cons of Creating New Institutes -- Structure and Priorities of NICHD -- STUDY SECTIONS -- RESTRICTIONS ON NIH RESEARCH SUPPORT -- REFERENCES -- 5 DEPARTMENTAL AND LEADERSHIP ISSUES -- DEPARTMENTAL ISSUES IN EXPANDING RESEARCH CAPABILITIES -- SOME PROBLEMS -- Is the Past a Guide for the Future? -- Some Solutions -- LEADERSHIP -- OB/GYN Leadership and Research -- Leadership and Its Impact Within the Discipline -- Leadership and Its Impact Outside the Discipline -- REFERENCES -- 6 A RESEARCH AGENDA FOR DEPARTMENTS OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY -- OOCYTE AND FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT IN THE OVARY -- Follicular Formation -- Proposed Research -- Follicular Atresia -- Proposed Research -- Follicular Recruitment, Selection, and Dominance -- Proposed Research -- Corpus Luteum Function -- Proposed Research -- Leukocytes, Cytokines, and Ovarian Function -- Proposed Research -- Follicular Fluid -- Proposed Research -- Conclusion -- FERTILIZATION -- Proposed Research -- FETAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT -- Embryology and Congenital Malformations -- Proposed Research -- Fetal Growth and Placental Transport -- Proposed Research -- Congenital Infection and Substance. Abuse -- Proposed Research -- Perinatal Research -- Proposed Research -- Epidemiological Research -- Proposed Research -- PRETERM LABOR -- Preterm, Premature Rupture of the Fetal Membrane -- Proposed Research -- Complications of Pregnancy That Compromise Fetal or Maternal Well-Being Independent of the Onset of... -- Proposed Research -- Preterm Onset of Labor -- Proposed Research -- Preterm Labor and Infection -- Proposed Research -- Role of the Obstetrician in Research to Define Physiological and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Sp... -- CONTRACEPTION -- Proposed Research -- Contraceptive Implants -- Proposed Research -- Contraceptive Rings.

Proposed Research -- Transdermal Delivery -- Proposed Research -- Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) -- Proposed Research -- Oral Contraception -- Proposed Research -- Barrier Methods -- Proposed Research -- Male Contraception -- Proposed Research -- Antifertility Vaccines -- Proposed Research -- Proposed Research -- Medical Abortifacients -- Proposed Research -- INFERTILITY -- Proposed Research -- Epidemiology -- Proposed Research -- Cervical Physiology and Function -- Proposed Research -- Fallopian Tube Function -- Proposed Research -- Endometriosis -- Proposed Research -- Male Infertility -- Proposed Research -- In Vitro Fertilization and New Reproductive Technologies -- Proposed Research -- PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME -- THE BRAIN AND REPRODUCTION -- Proposed Research -- MENOPAUSE -- Proposed Research -- ONCOLOGY -- Ovarian Cancer -- Proposed Research -- Proposed Research -- Uterine Neoplasms -- Proposed Research -- Cervical Cancers -- Proposed Research -- Vulvar Malignancies -- Proposed Research -- Breast Cancer -- Proposed Research -- Trophoblastic Disease -- Proposed Research -- SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES -- Proposed Research -- Prevent Sexually Transmitted Diseases by Developing Clinically Effective and Safe Vaccines -- Proposed Research -- Develop Cost-Effective Tests for Early Diagnosis of STDs -- Proposed Research -- Develop New Therapies Where Needed and New Cost-Effective Antibiotics That Are Easily Administered a... -- Proposed Research -- Clarify the Natural History of Genital Infections -- Proposed Research -- Define Behaviors Associated with the Acquisition and Spread of STDs -- Proposed Research -- Characterize the Role of STDs in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes -- Proposed Research -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX A PREPARING FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY IN THE REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES:.

THE HISTORY AND PRESENT STATUS OF RESEARCH TRAINING IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY -- TRAINING PATHS -- PRIVATE FOUNDATION FUNDING FOR RESEARCH TRAINING: 1950 TO 1985 -- The Markle Scholar Program: A Case Study -- Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation -- Ford Foundation -- Rockefeller Foundation -- Andrew W. Mellon Foundation -- FEDERAL SUPPORT FOR RESEARCH TRAINING -- The National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development -- NIH Research Training Programs -- OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY RESEARCH TRAINING: 1985 TO THE PRESENT -- American Gynecological Society -- American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Foundation Scholarship Program -- OTHER FOUNDATIONS AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES -- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists -- Society for Gynecologic Investigation -- Berlex Foundation -- Reproductive Scientist Development Program -- PROBLEMS OF RESEARCH TRAINING -- General Problems -- Problems in Establishing a Research Program -- MANPOWER IN ACADEMIC OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE NEEDS -- Recent History -- The Future -- LESSONS LEARNED -- Importance of Research Training in the Reproductive Sciences -- Centers of Excellence -- Discovery of Potential Physician-Scientists -- Residency-Fellowship Training -- Research Training -- Post-Research Training -- Clinical Investigators -- The Role of Private Foundations -- Follow-Up -- CONCLUSION -- ADDENDUM: -- GENERAL BACKGROUND -- SCHOLARLY PRODUCTIVITY -- RESEARCH TRAINING IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX B NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH SUPPORT OF RESEARCH IN DEPARTMENTS OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECO... -- NIH SUPPORT FOR OB/GYN RESEARCH -- Overview -- Support by Institute -- Support by Review Group -- OB/GYN Departments Compared with Other Clinical Departments -- Degree of Principal Investigator.

Investigator Initiated Research (RO1s).