Allied Health Services -- Copyright -- Preface -- STUDY BACKGROUND -- INTERPRETATION OF THE CONGRESSIONAL CHARGE -- STUDY APPROACH -- MAJOR STUDY THEMES -- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- ALLIED HEALTH PERSONNEL: WHO ARE THEY AND WHAT DO THEY DO? -- ESTIMATING SUPPLY AND DEMAND -- Data Limitations -- Factors That Affect The Demand for and Supply of Allied Health Personnel -- THE CURRENT EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- THE FUTURE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- EDUCATION -- HEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONS -- LICENSURE, CERTIFICATION, AND ACCREDITATION -- LONG-TERM CARE -- COLLABORATIVE ACTION -- 1 What Does "Allied Health" Mean? -- CLINICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY -- DENTAL HYGIENISTS -- DIETETIC SERVICES -- EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES -- MEDICAL RECORD SERVICES -- OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY -- PHYSICAL THERAPY -- RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY -- RESPIRATORY THERAPY -- SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY AND AUDIOLOGY SERVICES -- NEW ALLIED HEALTH FIELDS -- Perfusion -- Cardiovascular Technology -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 2 Approaches to Measuring Demand and Supply -- DATA FOR ASSESSING DEMAND AND SUPPLY -- ASSESSING CURRENT DEMAND AND SUPPLY -- Indicators of A Labor Shortage -- Vacancies -- Compensation Levels -- Unemployment Levels -- Data for Assessing Current Vacancies -- Data on Salaries and Wages -- How to Improve Data on Current Allied Health Personnel Demand and Supply -- ASSESSING FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY -- HOW BLS MAKES EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS -- FUTURE SUPPLY -- DATA FOR PROJECTING THE FUTURE SUPPLY OF ALLIED HEALTH WORKERS -- Current (Base Year) Supply -- New Entrants -- Other Inflows -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Forces and Trends in Personnel Demand and Supply -- RESPIRATORY THERAPY'S MOVE INTO THE HOME: THE ROLE OF INTERACTIVE FORCES -- FORCES THAT DRIVE THE DEMAND FOR ALLIED HEALTH PRACTITIONERS.

Population Growth and Demographic Trends -- The Elderly -- Children -- Minorities -- Disease Patterns -- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Aids) -- Chronic Diseases -- Economic Growth -- Structure of The Health Care Industry -- HEALTH CARE FINANCING -- Technological Change -- The Supply of Other Health Practitioners -- FORCES THAT DRIVE THE SUPPLY OF ALLIED HEALTH PRACTITIONERS -- The U.S. Labor Force -- Trends in College Enrollment -- Trends In Women's Choices of Fields of Study -- Education Financing -- Other Forces Influencing Supply -- Unions -- Malpractice Litigation -- ALTERNATIVE PATTERNS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH CARE SERVICES: THREE SCENARIOS -- Scenario 1: The Mixed Model -- Scenario 2: Prospective Payment -- Scenario 3: Access -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 4 Demand and Supply In 10 Allied Health Fields -- CLINICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS -- Demand for Medical Laboratory Technologists and Technicians -- Supply of Medical Technologists and Medical Laboratory Technicians -- Conclusion -- DENTAL HYGIENISTS -- Demand for Dental Hygienists -- Supply of Dental Hygienists -- Conclusion -- DIETITIANS -- Demand for Dietitians -- Scenario 1: The Mixed Model -- Scenario 2: Prospective Payment -- Scenario 3: Access -- Supply of Dietitians -- Conclusion -- EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIANS -- Demand for Emergency Medical Technicians -- Supply of Emergency Medical Technicians -- MEDICAL RECORD ADMINISTRATORS AND TECHNICIANS -- Demand for Medical Record Technicians -- Demand for Medical Record Administrators -- Supply of Medical Record Personnel -- Conclusion -- OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS -- Demand for Occupational Therapists -- Scenario 1: The Mixed Model -- Scenario 2: Prospective Payment -- Scenario 3: Access -- Supply of Occupational Therapists -- Conclusion -- PHYSICAL THERAPISTS AND ASSISTANTS.

Demand for Physical Therapists and Assistants -- Scenario 1: The Mixed Model -- Scenario 2: Prospective Payment -- Scenario 3: Access -- Supply of Physical Therapists -- Conclusion -- RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS -- Demand for Radiologic Technologists and Technicians -- Scenario 1: The Mixed Model -- Scenario 2: Prospective Payment -- Scenario 3: Access -- Supply of Radiologic Technologists and Technicians -- Conclusion -- RESPIRATORY THERAPISTS -- Demand for Respiratory Therapists -- Scenario I: The Mixed Model -- Scenario 2: Prospective Payment -- Scenario 3: Access -- Supply of Respiratory Therapists -- Conclusion -- SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGISTS AND AUDIOLOGISTS -- Demand for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists -- Scenario 1: The Mixed Model -- Scenario 2: Prospective Payment -- Scenario 3: Access -- Supply of Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists -- Conclusion -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 5 The Role of Educational Policy in Influencing Supply -- THE ALLIED HEALTH STUDENT APPLICANT POOL -- Student Recruitment -- Minorities -- Past Efforts To Increase Minority Participation -- The Federal Government -- States -- Private Foundations -- Lessons That Have Been Learned -- Academic Preparation -- Knowledge About And The Promotion Of Allied Health Professions -- Financing For Institutions And Students -- Linkages And Affiliations In Training And Employment -- MAINTAINING AND EXPANDING EDUCATIONAL CAPACITY -- WHO INFLUENCES EDUCATIONAL CAPACITY DECISIONS? -- The Federal Role -- The State Role -- The Private Sector Role -- Accrediting Bodies -- Professional Associations -- Private Foundations -- Why Is Allied Health Education Vulnerable? -- Maintaining Ground In Academia -- Faculty Shortages -- Financing Clinical Education -- The Comparative Cost of Allied Health Education -- Preparing Students for Tomorrow's Jobs.

Educational Investments by Students -- "Real" Jobs -- Liberal Education -- Articulation -- Role Congruence -- The Agreement Between Education and Services -- REFERENCES -- 6 The Health Care Employer's Perspective -- STRATEGIES FOR EMPLOYERS TO ENHANCE THE SUPPLY OF ALLIED HEALTH PRACTITIONERS -- Salaries -- Other Strategies to Increase Job and Occupational Tenure -- ENHANCING THE USE OF THE EXISTING WORK FORCE -- EMPLOYERS WITH SPECIAL PROBLEMS -- Rural Health Care Facilities -- Long-Term Care Facilities -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 7 Licensure and Other Mechanisms for Regulating Allied Health Personnel -- METHODS OF CONTROL -- State Regulation -- Criticisms of State Regulation -- Criticisms of Structure and Process -- Criticisms as to Outcome -- Reforms of State Regulation -- Criteria for Regulation: "Sunrise" Procedures -- Reforms of the Regulatory Structure and Process -- Board Composition -- Location of Boards in the State Administrative Structure -- Information for the Public -- The Federal Role -- Private Control Mechanisms -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 8 Allied Health Personnel and Long-Term Care -- LONG-TERM CARE AND ITS CONSUMERS -- DETERMINANTS OF NEED FOR LONG-TERM CARE -- Nursing Homes -- Nursing Home Residents and The Organization of Care -- Nurse's Aides -- HOME CARE -- Home Health Care Agencies and Personnel -- Home Health Care Clients and the Organization of Care -- REHABILITATION -- The VA's Experience -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Education Of Nurse's Aides -- Enhancing The Curriculum -- Improved Teamwork -- REFERENCES -- Appendixes -- Appendix A Congressional Mandate: Study of the Role of Allied Health Personnel in Health Care Delivery -- Appendix B Participants in Workshops and Public Meetings -- Committee Public Meeting Held July 1, 1987.

Workshop on Factors That Affect The Demand for Allied Health Personnel Held April 26-27, 1987 -- Committee Meeting of August 31-September 2, 1987 -- List of Participants -- Texas -- Illinois -- New York -- Additional Participants -- Appendix C A Sample of Allied Health Job Titles and a Classification of Instructional Programs in Allied Health -- Allied Health Job Titles -- Clinical Laboratory Technology -- Dental Services -- Dietetic Services -- Emergency Medical Services -- Medical Record Services -- Occupational Therapy-Occupational Therapist -- Physical Therapy-Physical Therapist -- Radiological Services -- Respiratory Therapy -- Speech-Language Pathology/Audiology -- Other -- A Classification of Instructional Programs in Allied Health -- Appendix D Estimates of the Current Supply of Personnel in 10 Allied Health Fields -- Dietitians -- Dental Hygienists -- Emergency Medical Technicians -- Medical Laboratory Technologists and Technicians -- Medical Record Administrators and Technicians -- Occupational Therapists -- Physical Therapists -- Radiologic Technologists and Technicians -- Nuclear Medicine Technologists -- Respiratory Therapists -- Speech Pathologists and Audiologists -- Appendix E Projections of Demand and Supply in Occupations -- Purposes of Projections -- Projection Methods -- State and Local Projections -- Evaluation of BLS Projections and Methods -- Demand or Requirements? -- Occupational Composition of Industries -- Staffing of The Projections Research -- Use of The Projections and Further Research Needs -- References -- Appendix F Minnesota Sunrise Provisions -- Minnesota Statute 214 (Enacted 1976), Section 214.001 -- Subdivision 1. -- Subdivision 2. Criteria for regulation. -- Minnesota Rules 4695.0800: Factors for Determining The Necessity of Regulation -- Subpart 3. Occupation Requiring Special Skill Factor.

Subpart 4. Factor of More Effective Means.