TREATING DRUG PROBLEMS -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- A Century of American Narcotic Policy -- THE SOCIAL AND LEGISLATIVE ORIGINS OF NARCOTIC CONTROL -- LIFE UNDER ANSLINGER -- MINORITIES AND NARCOTIC USE: THE SECOND TRANSFORMATION -- THE END OF THE CLASSIC PERIOD, 1960-1965 -- DRUG POLICY AND DRUG USE SINCE 1965 -- NOTES -- Federal Leadership in Building the National Drug Treatment System -- EARLY PROGRAMS -- EARLY LEGISLATIVE REFORM -- National Addict Rehabilitation Act -- Other Legislation -- LEGISLATIVE EXPANSION -- Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention -- Governmental Reorganization -- Management Procedures -- The Ford Administration-A Turning Point -- CONSOLIDATION -- Block Grants -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX: FEDERAL FUNDING POLICIES FROM 1967 TO 1980 -- 1967-1972 -- 1972 -- 1973 -- 1974 -- 1975 -- 1977 -- 1978 -- 1979 -- Drug Treatment in State Prisons -- OPPOSITION TO PRISON-BASED DRUG TREATMENT: A RESPONSE -- The Belief That ''Nothing Works" in Rehabilitation -- Belief in Imprisonment -- THE NEED FOR DRUG TREATMENT IN PRISONS -- The Relationship Between Drug Use and Crime -- Assessing the Drug-Crime Connection from a Treatment Perspective -- EVALUATION RESEARCH ON PRISON-BASED AND COMMUNITY DRUG TREATMENT PROGRAMS -- Prison-Based Drug Treatment Programs -- Stay'n Out -- Cornerstone -- The Simon Fraser University Program -- The Wharton Tract Narcotics Treatment Program -- The Terminal Island Drug Treatment Program -- Community-Based Drug Treatment -- WHAT WORKS AND WHAT DOES NOT WORK IN PRISON-BASED TREATMENT -- Impediments to Prison-Based Drug Treatment -- Elements of Effective Correctional Treatment Programs -- Guidelines for Effective Treatment -- PROJECT REFORM: A NATIONAL PROJECT TO ESTABLISH DRUG TREATMENT PROGRAMS IN CORRECTIONS.

CONCLUSION: THE FUTURE OF DRUG TREATMENT IN CORRECTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Courts, Jails, and Drug Treatment in a California County -- THE NEXUS BETWEEN THE DRUG TREATMENT AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES -- The Criminalization of Drugs -- Reforming Drug Policy in the 1960s -- Diversion from the Criminal Justice System to Treatment in the 1970s -- CASE STUDY OF A CALIFORNIA COUNTY -- County Drug Abuse Treatment System -- The Criminal Justice System: Processing the Offender -- Diversion and Probation: Pathways to Treatment -- Probation -- The Drug Abuse Treatment System and Inmates -- Case Study Conclusions -- DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY -- FOOTNOTE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Drugs, the Workplace, and Employee-Oriented Programming -- THE PROBLEM OF DRUGS AND THE WORKPLACE -- Scope of the Problem -- Employer Motives to Initiate Action -- Drug Screening/Drug Testing and Employee Assistance Programs -- Contrasts Between Attitudes Toward Alcohol and Toward Other Drugs -- DEVELOPMENT OF EMPLOYER RESPONSES TO DRUG USE -- Historical Perspective -- The First War on Drugs in the Workplace -- Why the Concern with Employee Drug Abuse? -- Developments During the 1970s and Early 1980s -- The Office of Worksite Initiatives -- EMPLOYER INTEREST IN ALCOHOL PROBLEMS -- SCOPE OF EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS -- Employee Assistance Program Distribution -- Patterns of Employee Assistance Program Utilization -- COMPARISONS OF DRUG SCREENING PROGRAMS AND EAPS -- DRUG SCREENING AND EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS AND POTENTIAL FUTURE DILEMMAS -- Micro-Organizational Motives and Macro-Social Consequences -- Variations in the Scope of Program Services -- REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY -- The Market for Drug Treatment -- THE FACTS -- RATIONALE FOR PUBLIC INTERVENTION -- Welfare Economics and the Pareto Standard.

Addiction and Consumer Sovereignty -- External Effects of Drug Addiction -- Some Welfare Economics of Insurance -- Cost-Benefit Analysis -- MARKET EQUILIBRIUM -- The Basic Model -- Court-Ordered Treatment and Demand -- Insurance, Tax Breaks, and Other Price Subsidies -- Intertemporal Effects -- The Market for Insurance Policies -- Estimation and Simulation Issues -- SOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- The Supply of Treatment -- Policies to Encourage Efficiency -- Insurance Options -- NOTES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- Repeating Cycles of Cocaine Use and Abuse -- THE FIRST CYCLE: USE (3000 B.C.-1860 A.D.) -- THE SECOND CYCLE: ABUSE (1860-1914) -- Treatment in the Second Cycle -- THE THIRD CYCLE: USE (1970-1978) -- The Social-Recreational User: 1970-1978 -- Treatment in the Third Cycle -- THE FOURTH CYCLE: ABUSE -- 1978-1988 -- 1978-1982 -- 1982-1984 -- 1985-1988 -- Crack -- The War on Drugs -- Responses of Cocaine Users -- Changes in Use During the Fourth Cycle -- Long-Term Users -- Cocaine Free Base Users (N = 22) -- Intravenous Cocaine Users (N = 8) -- Crack Users (N = 27) -- Intranasal Cocaine Users (N = 51) -- Treatment in the Fourth Cycle -- DISCUSSION -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Acknowledgments.