Mortality of Veteran Participants in the Crossroads Nuclear Test -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Glossary and Acronyms -- Contents -- Summary -- 1 Study Rationale and Overview -- RATIONALE -- OVERVIEW -- 2 Other Studies of the Human Health Effects of Radiation Exposure -- 3 Epidemiology Primer -- CHOICE OF COMPARISON GROUP -- FINE TUNING OF EXPOSED GROUP -- CONFOUNDERS -- DATA COLLECTION -- INTERPRETING DATA FINDINGS -- EPIDEMIOLOGY SUMMARY RELATED TO THIS STUDY -- 4 Description of Operation Crossroads -- 5 Data Sources for the Crossroads Study -- 6 The Participant Cohort -- INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION OF PARTICIPANT COHORT -- EXCLUSION OF "POST-CROSSROADS" PARTICIPANTS -- CROSSROADS PARTICIPANTS WHO PARTICIPATED IN OTHER NUCLEAR TESTS -- PRIMARY ANALYSIS-NAVY PERSONNEL ONLY -- EXCLUSIVITY OF PARTICIPANT AND COMPARISON COHORTS -- 7 The Comparison Cohort -- COMPARISON COHORT SELECTION -- Navy and Shipboard Marines -- Army and Army Air Corps -- MILITARY PERSONNEL RECORDS -- ADDITIONAL CONTROLS -- 8 Exposure Definition, Measurement, and Verification -- INTRODUCTION -- DOSIMETRY BACKGROUND -- Definition of Potential Surrogate Dose Groups -- DNA-Provided Dose Estimates -- Overall -- Alternatives -- PARTICIPANT VERSUS NONPARTICIPANT COHORTS AS AN EXPOSURE SURROGATE -- BOARDERS VERSUS NONBOARDING PARTICIPANTS VERSUS NONPARTICIPANTS AS EXPOSURE SURROGATES -- ENGINEERING & HULL VERSUS OTHER SPECIALTY STATUS AS AN EXPOSURE SURROGATE -- RELATIONSHIPS OF SURROGATES WITH DNA DOSE DATA -- DECISIONS FOR THE ANALYSES IN THIS REPORT -- 9 Mortality Ascertainment -- PROCEDURE -- Vital Status Ascertainment -- Cause and Date-of-Death Ascertainment -- SUMMARY OF MORTALITY ASCERTAINMENT QUALITY AND ITS POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON VALID INTERPRETATION OF THE... -- 10 Characterization of the Cohorts and Analysis Plan -- DATA DECISIONS TAKEN BEFORE ANALYSIS.

Restricting Data Elements or Sample Definition -- Data Cleaning and Variable Development -- UNIVARIATE DESCRIPTIONS OF STUDY POPULATION -- MISSING DATA -- Imputation of Fact and Date of Death -- Imputation of Date of Birth -- Summary -- COMPLETENESS OF VITAL STATUS ASCERTAINMENT -- MORTALITY COMPARISONS -- MULTIVARIATE ANALYSES -- Cox Proportional Hazards Model -- Standardized Mortality Ratios -- ANALYSIS OF ARMY (INCLUDING ARMY AIR CORPS) AND MARINE DATA -- NOT THE SUBJECT OF ANALYSIS IN THIS REPORT -- 11 Findings and Discussion -- ORGANIZATION -- FINDINGS: DISPLAYED IN TABLES -- NARRATIVE SUMMARY OF FINDINGS -- Participant Status -- Boarder Status/Hypothesized Exposure Gradient -- Engineering & Hull Status/Hypothesized Exposure Surrogate -- FINDINGS FOR MARINES AND ARMY (INCLUDING ARMY AIR CORPS) PERSONNEL -- DISCUSSION -- Boarders -- Engineering & Hull -- Discussion of Other Findings -- Other Models and Parameters Considered During Analysis -- STANDARDIZED MORTALITY RATIOS -- DISCUSSION RRELATING THESE FINDINGS TO THOSE OF SIMILAR STUDIES -- Findings in Other Studies of Atomic Veterans -- Selection Bias as an Explanation for Increased Participant All-Cause Mortality -- AVENUES OF FURTHER EXPLORATION -- 12 Conclusions -- SUMMARY OF FINDINGS -- References -- A National Association of Atomic Veterans (NAAV) Medical Survey -- B Participant Description (DNA Memorandum dated July 11, 1994) -- EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM -- Background -- Operational Period and Operational Area -- SOURCES OF PARTICIPANT INFORMATION -- TRACKING OF PARTICIPANTS -- REFINEMENT OF THE INITIAL DATA BASE -- PARTICIPATION DATES AND DOSE RECONSTRUCTING -- DOSE RECONSTRUCTION -- ENGINEER RATINGS -- SOURCE CODES -- PARTICIPATING UNIT/PERMANENT UNIT DATA -- COMMANDER JOINT TASK FORCE (CJTF-1) MEDICAL RESEARCH PERSONNEL, BOARDING TEAM AND RADSAFE TEAMS -- C Standardized Mortality Ratios.

D Radiation Doses for CROSSROADS Participants and Exposure Surrogate Groups -- E Verification of Completeness and Accuracy of the Participant Roster -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- Comparison to Previous Versions of the Participant Roster -- Comparison of Participant Roster to National Association of Atomic Veterans (NAAV) Mortality Study List -- Comparison of DNA Participant Roster to a List of Participants Solicited through Veterans' Journals -- Individual Follow-Up on Putative Participants of Uncertain Status -- RESULTS -- Comparison with an Earlier Version of the Participant Roster -- Comparison with the NAAV Medical Survey -- Comparison with the Write-in List -- Follow-Up on Putative Participants of Uncertain Status -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- F Verification of Completeness and Accuracy of Mortality Ascertainment -- ASSESSMENT OF COMPLETENESS -- Completeness of Mortality Follow-Up -- ASSESSMENT OF VALIDITY -- Mortality Ascertainment -- HCFA -- NDI -- EXTERNAL VALIDATION DISCUSSION -- Mortality Information -- Cause-of-Death Information.