Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- REVIEWERS -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- SCOPE -- SCIENTIFIC NEEDS FOR LIVE AND REPLICATION-DEFECTIVE VARIOLA VIRUS -- OVERALL CONCLUSIONS -- Part I Introduction -- 1 Introduction -- BACKGROUND -- CONTEMPORARY CONTEXT -- SCOPE -- SCIENTIFIC NEEDS FOR VARIOLA VIRUS -- ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT -- Part II Smallpox and Its Control -- 2 Variola Virus and Other Orthopoxviruses -- GENERAL ATTRIBUTES OF ORTHOPOXVIRUSES -- POXVIRUS REPLICATION -- PROPERTIES OF SPECIFIC ORTHOPOXVIRUSES -- 3 Clinical Features of Smallpox -- ENTRY AND INFECTION -- DISSEMINATION -- THE RASH -- LESIONS OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES -- EFFECTS ON OTHER ORGANS -- IMMUNE RESPONSE -- IMMUNITY AGAINST SMALLPOX -- 4 Epidemiology -- CHARACTERISTICS OF HISTORICAL OUTBREAKS -- LIKELY CHARACTERISTICS OF FUTURE SMALLPOX OUTBREAKS -- CONTROL STRATEGIES -- 5 Variola Virus Stocks Following Eradication of Smallpox -- ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERNATIONAL REPOSITORIES -- DECISION BY THE WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY TO DESTROY VARIOLA VIRUS STOCKS -- U.S. RESEARCH ON SMALLPOX -- RESEARCH AT CDC AND USAMRIID -- Part III Scientific Needs for Variola Virus -- 6 Development of Antiviral Agents -- IN VITRO ASSAYS -- ANIMAL MODELS -- 7 Development of Vaccines -- CURRENT STATUS OF VACCINIA VACCINE PREPARATIONS -- EVALUATION OF VACCINIA VACCINE DERIVED FROM TISSUE CULTURE -- EVALUATION OF NOVEL VACCINES -- 8 Detection and Diagnosis -- ENVIRONMENTAL DETECTION -- DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTION -- ALTERNATIVES TO LIVE VIRUS -- 9 Bioinformatics -- VARIABILITY OF VARIOLA VIRUS -- POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS -- 10 Understanding of the Biology of Variola Virus -- VIRUS-CELL INTERACTIONS -- VIRUS-HOST INTERACTIONS -- 11 Research on the Expressed Protein Products of Variola -- SYNTHESIS OF VARIOLA PROTEINS.

POTENTIAL UTILITY OF VARIOLA PROTEINS -- Part IV Findings -- 12 Summary and Conclusions -- THE BROADER CONTEXT -- SCIENTIFIC NEEDS FOR LIVE VARIOLA VIRUS -- OVERALL CONCLUSIONS -- References -- Appendix A Glossary -- Appendix B Acronyms -- Appendix C Committee and Staff Biographies -- Staff.