Medically Assisted Conception -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- SCOPE OF THE STUDY -- Summary -- SOCIAL CONCERNS THAT CAN BE ADDRESSED BY IVFET -- BARRIERS TO PROGRESS IN IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYO TRANSFER -- Ethical And Social Issues -- The Federal Government And Embryo Research -- Domestic And Foreign Decisions Concerning Embryo Research -- Other Barriers To Scientific Progress -- RESEARCH AGENDA -- Basic Science -- Male Gametogenesis -- Female Gametogenesis -- Fertilization -- Preimplantation Development -- Implantation -- Technological Advances -- Clinical Research Opportunities -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Developing Research Policy -- Basic Science Foundations -- Applied Research -- Clinical Research Opportunities -- Improving Communications -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 1 In Vitro Fertilization And Embryo Transfer And Social Concerns -- INFERTILITY -- Treatments For Infertility -- In Vitro Fertilization And Embryo Transfer -- Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer -- Donated Gametes Or Concepti -- CONTRACEPTION -- AGRICULTURE -- BIODIVERSITY -- PRIMATES FOR RESEARCH -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 Advances In The Practice And Science Base Of Medical, Assisted Conception -- DEVELOPMENTS IN HUMAN IN VITRO FERTILIZATION [ 1 ] -- DEVELOPMENTS IN ASSISTED CONCEPTION IN FOOD-PRODUCING ANIMALS [ 2 ] -- GAMETOGENESIS AND GAMETES -- Induction Of Gametogenesis And Superovulation [ 3 ] -- Biology And Maturation [ 4 ] -- Intratesticular And Intraovarian Paracrine Control [ 5 ] -- Assessment Of Gametes [ 6 ] -- FERTILIZATION [ 7 ] -- PREIMPLANTATION DEVELOPMENT [ 8 ] -- Metabolic Substrates And Pathways -- Gene Expression In Early Embryonic Development -- Regulative Potential Of Micromanipulated Embryos -- IMPLANTATION [ 9 ] -- ENDNOTES -- Chapter 3 Barriers To Progress In In Vitro Fertilization And Embryo Transfer.

ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES -- The Federal Government And Embryo Research -- Domestic And Foreign Decisions On Embryo Research -- OTHER BARRIERS TO SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS -- Deficiencies In The Science Base -- Research Funding -- Lack Of Communication Among Researchers -- Societal Concerns -- Sources Of Research Material -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 Research Agenda And Recommendations -- RESEARCH AGENDA -- Basic Science -- Male Gametogenesis -- Female Gametogenesis -- Fertilization -- Preimplantation Development -- Implantation -- Technological Advances -- Clinical Research Opportunities -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Developing Research Policy -- Basic Science Foundations -- Applied Research -- Clinical Research Opportunities -- Improving Communications -- Appendix A Committee On Basic Science Foundations Of Medically Assisted Conception -- TECHNOLOGIES FOR ASSISTED CONCEPTION/EMBRYO TRANSFER IN AGRICULTURAL AND VETERINARY PRACTICE -- Introduction -- Artificial Insemination -- Superovulation -- Embryo Transfer -- Freezing Of Embryos -- Sexing Of Embryos -- Sexing By Y Chromosome Specific Dna Hybridization -- Multiplication Of Embryos -- Nuclear Transfer -- In Vitro Production Of Embryos -- Oocyte Maturation -- In Vitro Fertilization -- Development Of Embryos In Vitro -- Gene Transfer -- Conclusions -- References -- OVARIAN STIMULATION IN NON-HUMAN PRIMATES -- Introduction -- The Menstrual Cycle -- Regulation Of Folliculogenesis -- Ovarian Stimulation -- Problems With Stimulated Ovarian Function -- Solutions For Problems With Stimulated Ovarian Function -- Acknowledgement -- References -- RESPONSES TO GONADOTROPINS IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS -- Introduction -- Superovulation In Domestic Animals -- Superovulation Of Cattle -- Superovulation Of Sheep And Goats -- Effects Of Exogenous Gonadotropins On Horses -- Ovulation Induction In Pigs.

Recommendations For Future Directions In Research -- Summary -- References -- MEMBRANE MODELS: EVOLUTION FROM THE FLUID-MOSAIC STANDBY ROY HAMMERSTEDT -- Introduction -- Complexity Of The Cell Surface -- Asymmetry Of Cell Surfaces -- Lipid Domains -- Relative Speed Of Membrane Events -- Spatial Relationships On The Membrane Surface -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- MAMMALIAN OOCYTE MATURATION: MECHANISMS FOR REGULATION AND PROSPECTS FOR PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF IN VITRO TECHNOLOGY -- The Ovarian Follicle As The Support System For Oocyte Development In Vivo -- Identification Of Molecules And Pathways That Participate In The Maintenance Of Meiotic Arrest -- Induction Of Oocyte Maturation -- Similarities Between Mechanisms That Govern Meiotic and Mitotic Cell Division -- Murine Oocyte Growth And Development In Culture -- Prospects For The Practical Utilization Of Oocyte Culture Systems -- Expansion Of Populations Of Rare Or Agriculturally Important Mammals -- Acknowledgments -- References -- INTRAGONADAL CONTROL OF TESTIS FUNCTION -- Introduction -- Summary And Conclusions -- References -- PARACRINE REGULATION IN THE OVARY -- Introduction -- Intraovarian Steroids -- The Role Of Ovarian Growth Factors -- Other Regulatory Peptides In The Ovarian Follicle -- Summary Of Current Efforts And Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- Literature Cited -- EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL FAILURE IN HUMAN REPRODUCTION -- Early Developmental Failure In The Human -- The Frequency Of Chromosomal Anomalies In Human Oocytes After Ovarian Hyperstimulation -- Developmental Failure During The Perifertilization Period -- Summary -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Figure Legends -- THE FERTILIZING SPERM: STRUCTURE, MATURATION AND FUNCTION -- Introduction -- Sperm Structure.

Common Themes In The Cellular Sequence Of Gamete Interaction -- A General Model For Mammallan Gamete Interaction -- Common Themes During Epididymal Transit -- For What Types Of Studies Are Model Systems Appropriate? -- Summary -- Reviews to consult for detailed information and references -- MOLECULAR EVENTS PRE-AND POST-FERTILIZATION OF MOUSE EGGS: OOCYTE MATURATION, EGG ACTIVATION, AND POLYSPERMY BLOCK -- Introduction -- Acquisition Of Meiotic Competence -- Oocyte Maturation -- 1. Role Of Camp And Protein Phosphorylation -- 2. Maturation Promoting Factor -- 3. Acquisition And Maintenance Of Sperm Decondensing Activity -- Fertilization And Egg Activation -- 1. Block To Polyspermy -- Unresolved Questions And Future Directions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- GLYCOLYTIC PATHWAY IN PREIMPLANTATION MAMMALIAN EMBRYOS -- Introduction -- Evidence That Metabolic Pathways Are Respricted In Oogenesis And Early Mammalian Development -- Morphology Of The Mitochondria During Oogenesis And Preimplantation Development -- Nutritional Studies With Chemically Defined Media -- Uptake Of Metabolic Substrates -- Metabolic Fate Of Substrates -- A Caveat-Be Alert For Artifacts -- Metabolic Fate Of Glucose -- Control Of Glycolysis -- Conclusion -- References -- REGULATIVE POTENTLAL OF MICROMANIPULATED EMBRYOS -- Introduction -- Uses Of Micromanipulation -- Types Of Manipulation -- Regulation In Mammalian Embryos -- Use Of Micromanipulation In Studying Regulation In Laboratory And Domestic Species -- Preimplantation Development -- Regulation And Cell Potential During Cleavage And Blastulation -- How Is Relation Accomplished? -- References -- UTERINE RECEPTIVITY, MATERNAL RECOGNITION OF PREGNANCY AND EARLY EMBRYONIC LOSS -- Summary -- Magnitude Of Embryonic Losses -- Causes Of Embryonic Loss -- Implantation And Placentation.

Asynchrony Of Embryo And Mother Is Related To Early Embryonic Loss -- The Necessity Of The Uterine Environment -- Maternal Recognition Of Pregnancy And Pregnancy Failure -- Immunological Rejection Of Embryos -- Natural Asynchrony And Embryonic Loss -- References -- Legend to Figure -- TOWARDS A CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR UNDERSTANDING OF IMPLANTATION IN THE HUMAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE… -- Introduction -- Preparation And Characterization Of Human Cytotrophoblasts -- Trophoblast Aggregation -- Trophoblast Fusion -- Trophoblast Interactions With Extracellular Matrix -- Relationship Between Morphologic And Functional Differentiation Of The Trophoblast -- Interactions Between Trophoblast And Endometrium -- Cytotrophoblast Interactions With Endometrial Explants -- Cytotrophoblast Interactions With Endometrial Glandular Epithelium And Stroma -- Trophoblast Invasion Into The Endometrium -- Paracrine Interactions During Implantation -- A Working Model For Implantation In The Human And Future Directions For Research -- Acknowledgements -- References.