Contraceptive Research, Introduction, and Use -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Workshop Report -- EFFICACY AND SAFETY -- Efficacy -- Safety -- Major Health-Related Events -- Significant Health-Related Problems -- Silicone Biocompatibility -- Progestin Effects on Vaginal HIV Transmission -- WHO USES NORPLANT AND HOW -- User Populations -- Method Continuation and Discontinuation -- Side Effects as Factors -- User Satisfaction -- Barriers to Discontinuation -- Cost and Cost-Effectiveness -- Effects of Media Coverage and Litigation on Norplant Use -- INSERTION AND REMOVAL: EXPERIENCE AND IMPLICATIONS -- Technical Aspects -- Case Experiences -- Rates of Complicated Removals -- Implications -- CONSUMER PERSPECTIVES -- Communication and Quality of Care -- Quality of Care -- Informed Decision-Making -- Importance -- Content -- Special Challenges -- Potential for Abuse -- Consumer Involvement -- NEW APPROACHES -- Reproductive Health Technologies Project's "Boom and Bust Initiative" -- The WHO Strategic Approach to Contraceptive Introduction -- A ''Government Standards Defense" -- 3 Workshop Summary and Analysis -- DATA REVIEW -- Efficacy -- Safety -- User Profiles -- Side Effects -- Continuation and Discontinuation -- User Satisfaction -- Postmarketing Surveillance -- Cost-Effectiveness -- LESSONS LEARNED -- NEXT STEPS: AREAS FOR CONSIDERATION AND ACTION -- Areas for Strengthening or Expansion -- 1. Clinical Research -- 2. Market Research -- 3. "Pre-introduction" -- 4. Informed Decision-Making -- 5. Postmarketing Surveillance -- Areas for New Initiative -- 6. Credentialing -- 7. Core Guidelines for Long-Acting Contraceptives -- 8. Costs -- 9. Product Liability -- FINAL COMMENT -- ENDNOTES -- Appendixes -- A Presentation Summaries -- Presentation 1 -- Background -- Methodology -- Findings -- Age and Educational Levels.

Major Health-Related Events -- Significant Health-Related Problems -- Continuation and Removals -- Efficacy -- Conclusions -- Presentation 2 -- Background -- Methodology -- Findings -- Pregnancy and Continuation Rates -- Reasons for Discontinuation -- Removal Difficulties -- Mortality and Hospitalization -- Conclusions -- Presentation 3 -- Background -- Methodology -- Findings -- Conclusions -- Presentation 4 -- Background -- Findings -- Composition -- Inflammatory Wound Healing Reaction and Blood Protein Absorption -- Conclusions -- Presentation 5 -- Background -- Methodology -- Findings -- Conclusions -- Presentation 6 -- Background and Methodology -- Findings -- Conclusions -- Presentation 7 -- Background -- Findings -- Conclusions -- Presentation 8 -- Background -- Methodology -- Findings and Conclusions -- Sample Characteristics -- Continuation and Discontinuation -- Media Effects -- Norplant and Coercion -- Presentation 9 -- Background -- Methodology -- Findings -- Sample Characteristics -- Continuation and Discontinuation -- The Question of Coercion -- Postdiscontinuation Experience -- Conclusions -- Presentation 10 -- Background -- Methodology -- Findings -- Conclusions -- Presentation 11 -- Background -- Removal Techniques -- Standard Technique -- Pop-Out Technique -- U Technique -- Removal Difficulties and Training -- Conclusions -- Presentation 12 -- Background -- Methodology -- Findings -- Conclusions -- Presentation 13 -- Background -- Methodology -- Findings -- Conclusions -- Presentation 14 -- Background -- Findings -- Choice -- Removal on Demand -- Tracking Capacity -- Conclusions -- Presentation 15 -- Background -- Discussion -- The Role of the FDA -- The Potential Role of a Federal Standards Defense -- ENDNOTES -- B Norplant: Historical Background -- THE TECHNOLOGY -- HISTORY -- ENDNOTES -- C Workshop Agenda.

Implant Contraceptives: An Illuminating Case Study in Current Dilemmas and Possibilities 7-8 April 1997 -- NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE -- WORKSHOP -- PARTICIPANTS.