Dental Education at the Crossroads -- Copyright -- Preface -- CHARGE TO THE COMMITTEE -- COMMITTEE APPROACH -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Dental Education at the Crossroads -- Summary -- ENVISIONING THE FUTURE -- FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Oral Health Status and Services -- The Mission of Education -- The Mission Of Research -- The Mission of Patient Care -- The Dental School in The University -- Accreditation and Licensure -- The Dental Work Force -- 1 Background and Introduction -- DENTAL EDUCATION IN CONTEXT -- The Broader Environment -- Challenges for Dental Education -- ENVISIONING THE FUTURE -- Principles -- Prospects -- MISSIONS OF DENTAL EDUCATION AND ORGANIZATION OF REPORT -- SUMMARY -- APPENDIX 1.A INFORMATION COLLECTION ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE FUTURE OF DENTAL EDUCATION -- 2 Evolution of Dental Education -- ORIGINS OF DENTAL INSTRUCTION -- FORMAL EDUCATION: EARLY DEVELOPMENTS -- A Slow Start -- Proprietary Schools: Advance and Retreat -- Dental Hygiene Education -- EDUCATION REFORM -- The Flexner Report -- The Gies Report -- Impact of the Flexner and Gies Reports -- Subsequent Studies of Dental Education -- THE STRUGGLES OVER EDUCATIONAL STANDARD SETTING -- BUILDING A RESEARCH BASE IN THE UNIVERSITY -- Before 1948 -- Since 1948 -- HEALTH STATUS AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH -- OTHER CONTROVERSIES -- Clinic Services -- Dental School Enrollments -- SUMMARY -- 3 Oral Health Objectives and Dental Education -- DATA SOURCES -- ORAL HEALTH STATUS -- Improved Health Status -- Continued Prevalence of Oral, Health Problems -- Disparities in Oral Health Status -- Utilization And Coverage of Dental Services -- PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE -- Expanded Application and Refinement of Existing Interventions -- Fluoridation of Community Water Supplies -- Sealants -- Oral Hygiene and Personal Responsibility -- Biomaterials.

Scientific and Technological Breakthroughs -- Medical Management -- CAD/CAM Technology -- Caries and Periodontal Vaccines -- Outcomes Research and Guidelines for Practice -- Improved Access to Calve -- RECOMMENDATIONS OF OTHER GROUPS -- Oral Health Status and Services -- Practice Guidelines -- COMMITTEE FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- SUMMARY -- APPENDIX 3.A A OBJECTIVES FOR ORAL HEALTH FROM HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000 -- APPENDIX 3.B EXCERPT FROM U.S. PREVENTIVE SERVICES TASK FORCE GUIDELINES FOR COUNSELING TO PREVENT DENTAL DISEASE -- APPENDIX 3.C EXCERPT FROM 1980 IOM REPORT ON PRIORITIES FOR DENTAL COVERAGE UNDER NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE -- APPENDIX 3.D DESIRABLE ATTRIBUTES OF CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES (IOM) -- 4 The Mission of Education -- CURRICULUM IN CONTEXT -- Seventy Years of Curriculum Critiques -- BACKGROUND DATA -- Variations in Program Length and Density -- Variations in Instructional Allocations -- Accreditation Standards and Curriculum Guidelines -- ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES -- Integrating the Basic and Clinical Sciences -- Curriculum Structure -- Modes of Education -- Current Concepts and Practice -- Comprehensive Patient Care -- Educational Inefficiencies -- Rebalancing an Overcrowded Curriculum -- Dentistry and Medicine -- ADVANCED EDUCATION -- Advanced Education in General Dentistry -- History and Development -- Issues and Controversies -- Advanced Specialty Education -- CONTINUING EDUCATION -- Options for Continuing Education -- Accreditation and Evaluation -- Requirements for Continuing Education -- FACULTY -- Statistical Profile -- Issues -- Faculty Development -- Faculty as Role Models -- Compensation -- Tenure -- STUDENTS -- Statistical Profile -- Quality of Applicants and Graduates -- Tuition and Debt Load -- Quality of Student Life -- FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- SUMMARY -- 5 The Mission of Research.

BROAD GOALS FOR RESEARCH IN THE DENTAL SCHOOL -- RESEARCH REVENUES, EXPENDITURES, AND PUBLICATIONS -- FOCUS OF RESEARCH AND RESEARCH TRAINING -- THE RESEARCH WORK FORCE -- EXPANDING RESEARCH CAPACITY AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS -- Funding -- Human Resources -- Creating Dentist Scientists -- Faculty Development Programs -- Other Issues -- Extending Research Opportunities -- RESEARCH AND THE MISSION OF EDUCATION -- FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- SUMMARY -- 6 The Mission of Patient Care -- CONTEXT -- Who Provides Patient Care in Dental Schools? -- Where Is Care Provided? -- How Is Care Organized? -- Who Pays for Cars in Student Clinics? -- Statistical Profile of Patient Care in Dental Schools -- Aggregate Data -- Variations Across Schools -- ISSUES AND CHALLENGES -- Efficiency of Care -- Quality of Care -- Accountability And Informed Consent -- Competition -- Community Service -- RETHINKING THE MISSION OF PATIENT CARE -- General Precepts -- Starting Points -- Strategic Planning -- Quality Assurance and Improvement -- Faculty Accountability -- Administrative Efficiency and Information -- Accreditation -- Integration With the Academic Health Center -- FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- SUMMARY -- 7 Dental Schools and the University -- THE UNIVERSITY IN A CHANGING WORLD -- SCHOOLS AT RISK -- FINANCING DENTAL EDUCATION -- Basic Data -- Issues and Strategies -- Options -- Information Base and Cost Analyses -- Faculty Practice Plans -- Student Clinics -- Curriculum Changes -- Tuition -- Sponsored Research -- Contributions and Gifts -- Consolidation -- University and State Policies and Priorities -- Public and Private Schools -- STRENGTHENING THE DENTAL SCHOOL WITHIN THE UNIVERSITY -- Leadership and The Challenge or Change -- Service To The University -- FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- SUMMARY -- 8 Dental Schools, the Profession, and the Public -- ACCREDITATION.

Structure and Process -- Organizations -- Process -- Accreditation Decisions -- Issues and Debates -- Effectiveness and Quality -- Cost and Benefit -- Innovation and Flexibility -- Governance and Representation -- LICENSURE -- Structure and Process -- General Licensure -- Specialty Licensure -- Issues and Debates -- Evidence of Competency -- Locus of Responsibility -- Live Patient Examination -- Educational Process -- Continued Competency -- Dentist Mobility and Access to Care -- Issues in the Licensure of Dental Hygienists -- Options -- FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Accreditation -- Licensure -- SUMMARY -- 9 A Dental Work Force for the Future -- WORK FORCE TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS -- Dentists -- Numbers and Projections -- Regional Variations and Shortage Areas -- Composition of Work Force -- Work Force Requirements -- Allied Dental Personnel -- FORECASTING MODELS AND THEIR LIMITATIONS -- Supply Estimates -- Demand and Need Estimates -- PLANNING FOR UNCERTAINTY -- Three Possible Futures -- Prospects for an Oversupply of Dentists -- Prospects for an Undersupply of Dentists -- Prospects for Supply in Balance with Requirements -- WORK FORCE DISTRIBUTION AND COMPOSITION -- Geographic Distribution of Personnel and Services -- Representativeness of the Work Force -- FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- SUMMARY -- 10 Summary and Conclusions -- TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS -- STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES -- DIRECTIONS FOR THE FUTURE -- Oral Health Status and Services -- The Mission of Education -- The Mission of Research -- The Mission of Patient Care -- The Dental School in the University -- Accreditation and Licensure -- Dental Work Force -- FROM RECOMMENDATIONS TO ACTION -- References -- Appendix A Committee on the Future of Dental Education Liaison Panels -- STATE AND REGIONAL PANELS -- COMMITTEE ON THE FUTURE OF DENTAL EDUCATION SPECIALTY PANEL.

COMMITTEE ON THE FUTURE OF DENTAL EDUCATION FACULTY PANEL -- Appendix B Institute of Medicine Committee on the Future of Dental Education Public Hearing September 26-27, 1993 -- Appendix C Commissioned Papers and Authors -- Appendix D Committee Biographies -- Index.