Sleeping Pills, Insomnia, and Medical Practice -- Copyright -- Contents -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY -- SLEEP AND MEDICATION - AN OVERVIEW -- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SLEEP PROBLEMS AND PRESCRIBING -- PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPNOTICS -- INSOMNIA -- RESEARCH, DIAGNOSIS, AND THERAPY -- EFFICACY AND HAZARDS OF HYPNOTICS -- SLEEP DISTURBANCE IN THE ELDERLY -- CONCLUSIONS -- BENZODIAZEPINES VS. BARBITURATES AS HYPNOTICS -- PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION -- ADVERTISING AND LABELING -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- INITIATION AND COORDINATION OF FEDERAL EFFORTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 1 AN OVERVIEW OF SLEEP AND MEDICATION -- A. THE ANATOMY OF SLEEP -- B. PRESCRIPTION DRUGS MARKETED AS HYPNOTICS -- Barbiturates -- Glossary of Sleep Research Terms -- Benzodiazepines -- Non-Barbiturate, Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics -- C. PRESCRIPTION DRUGS NOT MARKETED AS HYPNOTICS -- D. SELF-MEDICATION FOR SLEEP -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SLEEP COMPLAINTS AND PRESCRIBING PRACTICES -- A. PREVALENCE OF SLEEP COMPLAINTS -- B. TRENDS IN PRESCRIBING MEDICATION FOR SLEEP -- C. THE PHYSICIAN'S DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC RESPONSES -- D. HOSPITAL USE OF HYPNOTIC DRUGS -- E. THE POPULATION'S USE OF HYPNOTICS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH USE OF HYPNOTIC DRUGS -- A. SUICIDE AND ACCIDENTAL OVERDOSE -- Suicide Attempts -- B. TRAFFIC SAFETY -- C. NON-MEDICAL USE OF DRUGS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 INSOMNIA: RESEARCH FINDINGS, DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES, AND THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS -- A. THE MEANING OF INSOMNIA -- The Complaint of Being Unable to Fall Asleep (Sleep Latency Problem) -- The Complaint of Being Unable to Stay Asleep (Sleep Maintenance Problem) -- The Complaint of Daytime Consequences -- B. TYPES OF INSOMNIA -- Transient and Situational Insomnia -- Insomnia Associated with Mental Disorders.

Insomnia Associated with Drugs and Alcohol -- Sleep-Induced Ventilatory Impairment -- Insomnia Associated with Nocturnal Myoclonus or Restless Legs Syndrome -- Insomnia Associated with Disruptions of the 24-hour Sleep-Wake Cycle -- Insomnia Associated with Medical Disorders -- Other Conditions Associated with Insomnia -- Persistent Insomnia of Unknown Origin -- C. THE "SLEEP DISORDER HISTORY" -- D. HYPNOTIC DRUG THERAPY: AN OVERVIEW -- E. NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPIES FOR INSOMNIA -- Office Counseling -- Psychotherapy -- Behavioral Therapy -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 SLEEP DISTURBANCE IN THE ELDERLY -- A. PREVALENCE OF SLEEP DISTURBANCE IN THE ELDERLY -- B. HYPNOTIC DRUG USE BY THE ELDERLY -- C. PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OF INSOMNIA IN ELDERLY PATIENTS -- Efficacy and Safety of Hypnotics -- Some Clinical Issues -- Factors in the Choice of hypnotics -- D. NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF SLEEP DISTURBANCE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 CONCLUSIONS -- A. CLINICAL PRACTICE, PATIENT INFORMATION, AND PUBLIC HEALTH -- Diagnostic Appraisal -- Prudent Prescribing -- Patient Information -- Suicide Prevention -- Toxicology -- Epidemiology -- B. BENZODIAZEPINES VS. BARBITURATES AS HYPNOTIC DRUGS -- C. PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION -- D. ADVERTISING AND LABELING -- E. RESEARCH NEEDS -- Insomnia and Appropriate Therapeutic Responses -- The need for Independent Research and Evaluation of Hypnotics -- F. INITIATION AND COORDINATION OF FEDERAL EFFORTS -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX ASSESSING HAZARDS AND BENEFITS OF HYPNOTIC DRUGS -- A. APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF HYPNOTIC DRUGS -- Target Populations and Sample Selection -- Nighttime Measures of Hypnotic Effects and Adverse Effects -- Daytime Measures of Hypnotic Effects and Residual Adverse Effects -- Overall Study Design -- B. DAYTIME RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF HYPNOTIC DRUGS -- Overview -- Findings.

C. SPECIAL VULNERABILITIES TO THE HAZARDS OF HYPNOTICS: RESPIRATORY DIFFICULTIES, KIDNEY DISEASE AND PREGNANCY -- Patients with Respiratory Difficulties -- Patients with Impaired Renal Function -- Women of Childbearing Age -- D. ISSUES IN THE LONG-TERM USE OF HYPNOTIC DRUGS -- Efficacy -- Reliance on Drugs for Sleep -- Hazards -- E. AN OVERVIEW OF AVAILABLE STUDIES OF HYPNOTIC DRUG EFFICACY -- Benzodiazepines -- Barbiturate Hypnotics -- Nonbarbiturate, Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics -- Comparisons of Efficacy -- REFERENCES.