Technology in Services -- Copyright -- PREFACE -- CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION TO SERVICES INDUSTRIES POLICY ISSUES -- SERVICES AND THE DEINDUSTRIALIZATION DEBATE -- THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF SERVICES -- PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN SERVICES -- SERVICES TRADE -- KEY POLICY ISSUES AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE POLICY RESEARCH -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Technology in Services: Past Myths and Future Challenges -- DISPELLING PAST MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT SERVICES -- HOW TECHNOLOGY AFFECTS COMPETITIVE STRUCTURES -- SERVICES TECHNOLOGIES AND THE FUTURE -- Changed Employment Patterns -- Economic and Job Stability -- The Manufacturing-Services Interface -- Changing International Competitive Structures -- Deregulation and Services Innovation -- International Trade Implications -- WHITHER SERVICES? -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- NOTES -- References -- Growth of Services Employment in the United States -- EMPLOYMENT GROWTH IN SERVICES 1972-2000 -- Occupational Employment Changes, Past and Prospective -- Educational Content of Jobs -- Blacks, Hispanics, and Women -- EXPLANATIONS FOR THE RAPID GROWTH OF EMPLOYMENT IN THE SERVICES INDUSTRIES -- Factors in Growth of the Producer-Services Industries -- Growth of the Gross National Product (GNP) -- Final Demand Composition -- Differential Effects -- Business Practices -- The Unbundling Hypothesis -- BROAD OCCUPATIONAL TRENDS, 1977-1986 -- More Detailed Analyses of the 1983-1986 Period -- Industrial Composition, 1983-1986 -- Industry Staffing Patterns, 1983-1986 -- Combining the Three Factors -- Impact on Producer-Services Industries -- Conclusions about Unbundling -- WHY DO BUSINESSES DEMAND MORE PRODUCER SERVICES? -- Economies of Scale in Information -- Specialized Corporate Services -- Government Regulations and Laws -- International Trade -- Resistance to Innovation -- Durability and Commonality.

WHY THE CONCERN ABOUT A SERVICES ECONOMY? -- Problems of Classification -- Services-A Prime Mover or a Dependent? -- SUMMARY -- NOTES -- References -- Role of Services in the U.S. Economy -- THE NATURE OF SERVICES -- THE USE OF SERVICES IN PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION -- THE REQUIREMENTS FOR MANUFACTURED GOODS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SERVICES -- THE IMPORTANCE OF SERVICES INPUTS FOR MANUFACTURING -- THE CAPTIVE PRODUCTION OF SERVICES BY BUSINESSES -- HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION AND PURCHASES OF SERVICES -- IMPLICATIONS OF THE ANALYSIS -- NOTES -- References -- Productivity in Services -- OUTPUT, INPUT, AND PRODUCTIVITY DEVELOPMENTS, 1948-1986 -- Sector Comparisons -- Industry Differences -- Causal Factors behind Productivity Change -- POLICIES TO PROMOTE PRODUCTIVITY AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCE -- Volume Factors -- Promoting Technological Knowledge -- Savings and Investment -- Human Investments -- Labor Efficiency -- Governmental Policies -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- References -- Technology and the Services Sector: America's Hidden Competitive Challenge -- CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN THE SERVICES SECTOR -- TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICES SECTOR INVESTMENT -- INDUSTRY DETAIL -- Communications -- Finance -- Trade -- Miscellaneous Services -- THE COMPUTER REVOLUTION -- THE PRODUCTIVITY PUZZLE -- NOTES -- References -- Measuring Productivity in Services Industries -- DEFINITIONS -- PROBLEMS OF MEASUREMENT -- OUTPUT -- LABOR INPUT -- MEASURES OF PRODUCTIVITY FOR SERVICES INDUSTRIES -- Transportation -- Communications -- Electric, Gas, and Sanitary Services -- Retail Trade -- Wholesale Trade -- Finance -- Federal Government -- State and Local Government -- Business and Personal Services -- WHAT DO THE DATA SHOW -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- References -- Air Cargo Transportation in the Next Economy -- THE DEMAND FOR EXPRESS SERVICE AND THE FEDERAL EXPRESS EXPERIENCE.

DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY POLICY -- Domestic Regulation -- Intrastate Deregulation -- Air Transport Treaties and International Air Cargo Markets -- References -- Changing Economics of International Trade in Services -- STATISTICAL SURVEY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SERVICES -- CHANGING ECONOMICS OF SERVICES TRADE -- Three Categories of Services -- More Competition in the Supply Side -- The Case of Financial Services -- More Sensitive and Responsive Demand Side -- The Case of Financial Services -- New Forms of Internationalization -- The Special Case of Public Utility and Social Services -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- NOTE -- Bibliography and References -- International Trade in Financial Services: The Japanese Challenge -- THE DIMENSIONS OF SUCCESS -- ELEMENTS OF COMPETITIVE STRATEGY -- THE JAPANESE STRATEGY IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY -- Reconnaissance -- The First Assault -- Branching Out -- The Politics of Price -- Reaping the Profits -- Aftermath -- THE JAPANESE STRATEGY IN FINANCIAL SERVICES -- Targeting Governments -- Learning from Others -- Branching Out -- Seeking Greener Pastures -- Future Steps -- REASONS FOR CONCERN -- Awareness and Complacency -- DESIGNING EFFECTIVE RESPONSES -- Creating a Competitive Edge -- Organizational Linkages -- Government Policies -- CONCLUSION -- References -- Key Policy Issues Posed by Services -- BACKGROUND ASSUMPTIONS -- THE SERVICES-MANUFACTURING INTERFACE -- Manufacturers Becoming Services Providers -- Lowering Internal Manufacturing Costs -- Services and International Manufacturing Operations -- Manufacturing's Changing Strategic Environment -- GOVERNMENT POLICY ISSUES -- Macroeconomic and Tax Policies: Capital Formation and Technology Investment -- Services and Regulation: Improving Efficiency and Innovation -- Human Resource Policies for a Services-Dominated Economy.

Sectoral Risks and Diversification -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGY IN SERVICES INDUSTRIES -- CONTIBUTORS -- INDEX.