The Ecology of Industry -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- THE EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES -- PRIMARY MATERIALS PROCESSING -- MANUFACTURING -- ELECTRIC UNTILITIES -- PULP AND PAPER -- Contents -- Overview and Perspectives -- FIRM MOTIVATION AND EXTERNAL STIMULI -- THE TECHNOLOGICAL LINK IN THE EVOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS -- INTERCONNECTED COMPLEX SYSTEMS OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION -- THE INFORMATION-KNOWLEDGE CONNECTION -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- The Extractive Industries -- INTRODUCTION -- ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP -- ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS -- LIFE-CYCLE PRACTICES -- CULTURAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE -- REFERENCES -- Primary Materials Processing -- SUMMARY -- ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP -- REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS -- LIFE-CYCLE PRACTICES -- CULTURAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE -- REFERENCES -- Manufacturing -- ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP -- The Role of Management -- Stages in the Product Life Cycle -- EFFECT OF REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS -- "End-of-Pipe" Laws -- Activities of International Standards-Setting Organizations -- Waste Minimization, Packaging, and Product Take-Back -- Labeling Programs -- ENVIRONMENTAL METRICS -- LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT -- CULTURAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE -- Managing Environmental Costs -- Altering the Structure of Demand -- Recognizing the Key Role of the Designer -- BREAKING BARRIERS AND CREATING OPPORTUNITIES -- Intraorganizational Barriers -- Societal and Institutional Barriers -- UNRESOLVED QUESTIONS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- The Electric Utility Industry -- SUMMARY -- BEYOND COMPLIANCE TO STEWARDSHIP -- PURSUING ENVIRONMENTAL EXCELLENCE -- THE IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION -- THE IMPORTANCE OF MEASURING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE -- THE UNIQUE CONTRIBUTIONS AND CAPABILITIES OF ELECTRICITY -- Beneficial Electrification -- Industrial Electrotechnologies.

Electrotechnologies for Municipal Water and Waste Treatment -- Medical-Waste Treatment -- Transportation -- HOW ELECTRIC UTILITIES ARE ADDRESSING POLLUTION PREVENTION -- Use of High-Volume By-Products -- Management of Low-Volume or Noncombustion Waste -- TOWARD A MORE SYSYEMATIC APPROACH: LIFE-CYCLE COST MANAGEMENT, WASTE ACCOUNTING AND RISK MANAGEMENT -- Full-Cost Accounting -- CONCLUSION -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- The Pulp and Paper Industry -- INTRODUCTION -- ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP -- Silviculture: Managed Forestry -- Harvesting Methods -- Protection of Threatened and Endangered Species -- Potential Restrictions on Wood Harvesting -- Turning Wood into Paper -- The Pulping Process -- Bleaching of Pulp -- Meeting Environmental Challenges Head On -- Conserving Water and Treating Wastewater -- Solid Waste Disposal -- Controlling Spills and Leaks -- Conserving Energy -- Controlling Odor -- CURRENT AND FUTURE TRENDS SHAPING TECHNOLOGY IN THE INDUSTRY -- Minimal-Impact Philosophy -- Paper Recycling -- Other Factors -- REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS -- Regulatory Trends: Where We Are Today -- The Industry's Record -- Regulatory Trends: Where we are Headed -- The Current Regulatory Process -- Litigation -- NONREGULATORY ENVIRONMENTAL PRESSURES -- ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE METRICS -- Life-Cycle Assessment -- THE CHANGING CORPORATE CULTURE -- Voluntary Programs -- The Role of Public Opinion and Customer Demands -- Shaping a Positive Future -- IMPROVING INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES -- Setting Environmental Objectives -- Enhancing Public Understanding of Environmental Science -- Creating Incentives and Encouraging Flexibility -- Facility Modernization -- Creating a Climate for Innovation -- Encouraging Cautious Consideration of Life-Cycle Assessment -- REFERENCES -- Biographical Data.