RESPONSIBLE SCIENCE -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Part A Background Papers -- 1 Fostering Responsible Conduct in Science and Engineering Research: Current University Policies and Actions -- INTRODUCTION -- NORMATIVE RULES -- Misconduct Policies -- Conflict-of-Interest Policies -- Miscellaneous Research Policies and Other Documents -- MONITORING RESEARCH -- PROMOTING DISCUSSION -- UNDERTAKING INSTITUTIONAL REFORM -- Undergraduate Education -- Graduate Education -- Campuswide Programs -- OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- 2 Professional Societies and Responsible Research Conduct -- INTRODUCTION -- THE PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY ROLE: THE RATIONALE -- THE SOCIETIES' SELF-ACKNOWLEDGED ROLE AND APPROACH TO PROMOTING RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH CONDUCT -- PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY STANDARDS OF RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH CONDUCT -- Authorship Practices -- Plagiarism -- Data Management -- Training and Mentorship -- Conflict of Interest -- Reporting of Research Findings -- Treatment of Confidential or Proprietary Information -- Addressing Error or Misconduct -- REINFORCING PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS -- Education -- Recognition -- Enforcement -- IMPROVING THE PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY RESPONSE -- NOTES -- APPENDIX A-SOCIETIES CONTACTED FOR DATA ON RESEARCH ETHICS ACTIVITIES -- APPENDIX B-SOCIETY STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES CONSULTED -- 3 Mentorship and the Research Training Experience -- INTRODUCTION -- THE ROLE OF THE RESEARCH MENTOR -- Defining the Mentoring Relationship -- The Importance of the Mentor -- Characterizing the Ideal Mentoring Relationship -- THE RESEARCH TRAINING EXPERIENCE -- Market of Mentors -- Conflict of Roles -- Size of Research Groups -- Personalities and Gender -- Power -- MAKING MENTORSHIP BETTER -- Guidelines -- Formal Programs and Requirements -- NOTES -- 4 Reflections on the Current State of Data and Reagent Exchange Among Biomedical Researchers.

INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION OF TERMS -- Primary Data -- Survey Science and Derived Data -- Manipulative Studies and Derived Data -- Derived Results and Conclusions -- Derived Reagents -- CURRENT PRACTICES FOR DATA DISSEMINATION AND STORAGE -- Distribution of Primary Data -- Storage of Primary Data -- PRACTICES INFLUENCING THE DISTRIBUTION OF RESEARCH REAGENTS -- DATA OWNERSHIP AND RETENTION -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION -- 5 Factors Enhancing Acceptance of Federal Regulation of Research -- INTRODUCTION -- ADEQUATE TIME FRAME -- CONSTITUENT PARTICIPATION IN POLICY MAKING -- PUBLIC ACCESS TO THE DELIBERATIVE PROCESS -- RESISTANCE FROM THE NEWLY REGULATED -- EVIDENCE CONCERNING IRB PERFORMANCE -- PATIENCE, PERSEVERANCE, AND GOODWILL -- LESSONS FOR THE FUTURE -- NOTES -- 6 Congressional Activities Regarding Misconduct and Integrity in Science -- INTRODUCTION -- EARLY OVERSIGHT -- House Science and Technology Committee -- Senate Labor and Human Resources Committee -- EARLY LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY EFFORTS -- THE NEXT ROUND -- House Judiciary Committee -- House Committee on Science and Technology Task Force on Science Policy -- INTEREST BROADENS IN THE HOUSE -- House Committee on Government Operations -- House Committee on Energy and Commerce -- House Committee on Government Operations -- Rumors of Legislative Activity -- FEDERAL AGENCIES TAKE ACTION -- Public Health Service -- National Science Foundation -- RECENT HEARINGS -- House Committee on Energy and Commerce -- House Committee on Government Operations -- House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology -- House Committee on Energy and Commerce -- OTHER SIGNS OF LEGISLATIVE INTEREST -- INTERESTED COMMITTEES -- FUTURE ACTIVITIES -- ACTIVITIES OF CONGRESSIONAL SUPPORT AGENCIES -- Congressional Budget Office -- Congressional Research Service -- General Accounting Office -- Office of Technology Assessment.

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS -- NOTES -- Part B Selected Guidelines for the Conduct of Research -- 7 Guidelines for the Conduct of Research at the National Institutes of Health -- INTRODUCTION -- SUPERVISION OF TRAINEES -- DATA MANAGEMENT -- PUBLICATION PRACTICES -- AUTHORSHIP -- PEER REVIEW AND PRIVILEGED INFORMATION -- CLINICAL RESEARCH -- CONCLUDING STATEMENT -- 8 Guidelines for Investigators in Scientific Research -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. SUPERVISION OF RESEARCH TRAINEES -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- III. DATA GATHERING, STORAGE, RETENTION: -- RECOMMENDATIONS: -- IV. AUTHORSHIP: -- RECOMMENDATIONS: -- V. PUBLICATION PRACTICES: -- RECOMMENDATIONS: -- VI. LABORATORY GUIDELINES: -- 9 Rules and Guidelines for Responsible Conduct of Research -- I. ORIENTATION AND GUIDANCE FOR FACULTY -- A. RULE -- II. SUPERVISION OF STUDENTS, POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS, AND OTHER RESEARCH PERSONNEL -- A. RULES -- B. RECOMMENDATIONS -- III. DATA GATHERING, STORAGE, RETENTION -- A. RULES -- B. RECOMMENDATIONS -- IV. AUTHORSHIP -- A. RULES -- B. RECOMMENDATIONS -- V. PUBLICATION PRACTICES -- A. RECOMMENDATIONS -- VI. LABORATORY GUIDELINES -- VII. REPORTING ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT -- A. RULE -- NOTES -- 10 Guidelines for the Responsible Conduct of Research -- INTRODUCTION -- RESPONSIBILITIES OF A MENTOR -- DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT -- RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF PEER REVIEW -- GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORSHIP -- INDUSTRIAL-ACADEMIC INTERFACE: ISSUES OF INTEGRITY AND MISCONDUCT -- THE ACADEMIC ENVIRONMENT -- APPENDIX E-CRITERIA FOR PROMOTION -- 11 Report of the Committee on Academic Responsibility -- SUMMARY -- CHARGE AND COMMITTEE PROCEDURES -- FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS -- SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT FOR UNIVERSITY RESEARCH -- III. VALUES IN RESEARCH -- IV. RESEARCH MISCONDUCT -- V. RESEARCH PRACTICES -- A. Data Management.

B. Publication Practices -- C. Authorship -- D. Peer Review -- E. Training and Education -- VI. EDUCATION IN RESEARCH CONDUCT -- VII. GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND MIT POLICIES AND PROCEDURES -- VII.1 Overview -- VII.2 Resolving Disputes and Allegations About Research Conduct -- VII.3 Informal Resolution and Mediation -- VIII. PROCEDURES FOR RESPONDING TO ALLEGATIONS OF RESEARCH MISCONDUCT -- VIII.1 Inquiries -- VIII.2 Research Misconduct Investigations -- IX. PROTECTION OF COMPLAINANTS -- X. RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED -- XI. INSTITUTIONAL MEMORY -- XII. INTERACTIONS WITH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT -- Part C Specific Research Policies and Practices -- 12 Policy for Recording and Preserving Scientific Data -- INTRODUCTION -- POLICY -- GUIDELINES -- IMPLEMENTATION -- 13 Guidelines on Research Data and Manuscripts -- 1 RESPONSIBILITIES OF BTRC PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS -- 2 ORIENTATION OF BTRC RESEARCH PERSONNEL -- 3 RESEARCH DATA -- 4 STANDARDS FOR BTRC DATABOOKS -- 5 AUTHORSHIP -- 6 COAUTHORSHIP -- 7 MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSIONS -- 8 PUBLICATION OF NEGATIVE RESULTS, CORRECTIONS, ERRATA, AND RETRACTIONS -- 9 QUESTIONS OF RESEARCH OR PUBLICATION PRACTICE OTHER THAN AUTHORSHIP -- SUMMARY CHECKLIST BTRC PROTOCOL ON RECORDING DATA AND PREPARING FOR PUBLICATION -- NOTES -- 14 PHS Policy Relating to Distribution of Unique Research Resources Produced with PHS Funding -- A. PHS POLICY ON DISTRIBUTION OF RESEARCH RESOURCES -- B. DISTRIBUTION COSTS -- C. INVENTIONS AND COMMERCIALIZATION -- 15 Guidelines for Professional Conduct -- A. RESEARCH RESULTS -- B. PUBLICATION AND AUTHORSHIP PRACTICES -- C. PEER REVIEW -- D. CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- Part D Policies and Procedures for Handling Allegations of Misconduct in Science -- 16 Framework for Institutional Policies and Procedures to Deal with Fraud in Research -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINITION OF RESEARCH FRAUD.

PROCESS FOR HANDLING ALLEGATIONS OF RESEARCH FRAUD -- Initiation of an Inquiry -- Inquiry -- Structure -- Purpose -- Process -- Findings -- Investigation -- Purpose -- Structure -- Process -- Findings -- Appeal and Final Review -- Disposition -- 17 Principles and Procedures for Dealing with Allegations of Faculty Misconduct -- Procedures -- II. PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES FOR DEALING WITH ALLEGATIONS OF FACULTY MISCONDUCT -- Addendum -- NOTES -- 18 Procedures for Investigating Academic Fraud -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. DEFINING ACADEMIC FRAUD -- III. INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE -- A. The Standing Committee -- B. Procedures of the Standing Committee on Academic Fraud -- 1. The Initial Complaint -- 2. Fact of Fraud -- C. Coordination of Investigations with Outside Institutions -- D. Additional Rules -- IV. CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- COMMITTEE ON ACADEMIC FRAUD -- MINORITY STATEMENT -- PROCEDURES FOR INVESTIGATING ACADEMIC FRAUD -- Section 1. Scope of the Work -- Section 2. The Standing Committee on Academic Fraud -- Section 3. The Initial Complaint -- A. Procedures -- B. Conflict of Interest -- Section 4. Inquiry into the Fact of Fraud -- A. Selection of Panel -- B. The Operation of the Panel -- Section 5. Investigation into the Extent of Fraud -- A. Appointment of Panel to Determine Extent of Fraud -- B. Scope of the Extent of Fraud Investigation -- C. Conduct of Investigation -- D. Review of the Panel Report by the Standing Committee -- Section 6. Coordination of Investigation with Other Institutions -- Section 7. Rule-making Powers of the Standing Committee -- 19 Draft Revision of Policy on Integrity of Research -- I. POLICY -- II. PROCEDURES FOR HANDLING ALLEGATIONS OF RESEARCH MISCONDUCT -- A. Reporting Misconduct -- B. Preliminary Inquiry -- C. Formal Investigation -- D. Discipline -- E. Application.

APPENDIX Policies Which Pertain to Integrity in Research at the University of California, San Diego.