The National Academy of Sciences -- Copyright -- Foreword -- Contents -- 1 The Academy's Antecedents -- The European Academies and the Royal Society -- The American Philosophical Society -- The American Academy of Arts and Sciences -- The College of Physicians of Philadelphia -- Concern for a National University -- The Columbian Institute -- The National Institute -- 2 Scientists and Scientific Organizations in Mid-Century America -- The Smithson Bequest -- Bache and Henry -- The Program of the Smithsonian -- Growth and Spread of Scientific Societies -- Louis Agassiz and His Influence on American Science -- The American Association for the Advancement of Science -- 3 The Incorporation and Organization of the Academy -- "The Lazzaroni" and Their Influence -- The Outbreak of the Civil War -- The Permanent Commission -- The Drafting of the Academy Bill -- Reaction to the New Academy -- The Organization Meeting -- 4 The Government Calls upon the Academy -- ALEXANDER DALLAS BACHE (1863-1867) -- Early Problems and Activities -- The Illness and Death of Bache -- 5 Postbellum Years and the Crisis within the Academy -- JOSEPH HENRY (1868-1878) -- Crisis within the Academy -- The Hall Expedition to the Arctic -- Dearth of Government Requests -- The Philosophical Society and the Cosmos Club -- The Committee on Weights and Measures -- Removal of Restriction on Membership -- The Silliman-Whitney Controversy -- The Centennial Observance -- Illness and Death of Henry -- Establishment of the U.S. Geological Survey -- 6 The End of the Nineteenth Century -- WILLIAM BARTON ROGERS (1879-1882) -- OTHNIEL CHARLES MARSH (1883-1895) -- The Allison Commission (1884-1886) -- Debate of an Expanded Role for the Academy -- Efforts to Reorganize the Academy -- WOLCOTT GIBBS (1895-1900) -- The American Forestry Problem -- Recognition of the Academy as "High Tribunal".

7 The Academy Marks Its Semicentennial -- ALEXANDER AGASSIZ (1901-1907) -- State of Science at the Turn of the Century -- Academy Efforts on Behalf of the Metric System -- Efforts for the Extension of Forest Conservation -- Academy Report on the Philippines -- New Fields in Academy Membership -- Hale and International Cooperation -- IRA REMSEN (1907-1913) -- The Committee on Scientific Work under the Government -- The National Conservation Commission -- Preoccupation with Internal Affairs -- Steps Toward an "Academy Home" -- Plans for a Commemorative History -- The Semicentennial Anniversary -- Hale's Vision for the Future -- 8 World War I and the Creation of the National Research Council -- WILLIAM HENRY WELCH (1913-1917) -- Government Requests to the Academy -- Organization and Staffing of the National Research Council -- Resignation of Welch and Election of Walcott -- CHARLES DOOLITTLE WALCOTT (1917-1923) -- The Academy and the Wartime Research Council -- Funding of the Academy's War Effort -- Military Research Problems -- Postwar Plans -- The Executive Order of 1918 -- The Carnegie Corporation Grant -- National Research Fellowships -- International Research Council -- 9 The Research Council's Permanent Status and the Academy's New Home -- Postwar Organization of the Research Council -- NRC Policy, Procedures, and Relation to the Academy -- Activities of the Research Council -- The Academy Acquires a Home -- 10 The Twenties: New Horizons in Science -- ALBERT ABRAHAM MICHELSON (1923-1927) -- Relations between the Academy and the National Research Council -- Engineering and Industrial Research -- Pioneering in the Field of Conservation -- Efforts on Behalf of Basic Research -- The Committee on Government Problems -- THOMAS HUNT MORGAN (1927-1931) -- The Committee on Oceanography -- Weather Forecasting -- Efforts Toward Calendar Reform.

The National Research Council and the Chicago World's Fair -- Committees on Drug Addiction -- National Research Council Studies in Geophysics and Physics -- Changes in the Organization of International Science -- 11 The Academy During the Great Depression -- WILLIAM WALLACE CAMPBELL (1931-1935) -- Reorganization of the National Research Council -- Borderland Science -- Washington Biophysical Institute -- Engineering and Industrial Research -- 12 The New Deal and the Science Advisory Board -- Creation of the Science Advisory Board -- Organization and Activities of the Science Advisory Board -- "Recovery Program of Science Progress" -- A New Executive Order Expanding the Science Advisory Board -- The National Planning Board and Its Successors -- Division within the Academy Over the Science Advisory Board -- Failure of Compton's "National Program" -- FRANK RATTRAY LILLIE (1935-1939) -- Expiration of the Science Advisory Board -- 13 The Academy in World War II -- FRANK BALDWIN JEWETT (1939-1947) -- The Potentialities of Nuclear Fission -- Vannevar Bush and the National Defense Research Committee -- Academy and Research Council Committees Under NDRC -- The Office of Scientific Research and Development -- The NRC and the Committee on Medical Research -- Other Academy and Research Council Advisory Committees -- The Question of an Atomic Bomb -- The OSRD Office of Field Service -- Planning for Postwar Science -- 14 The Postwar Organization of Science -- Research Board for National Security -- The First Kilgore Bill -- Science, the Endless Frontier -- Hearings on Science Legislation -- Atomic Energy Legislation -- New Science Legislation -- The Dispersal of OSRD -- The Steelman Report -- A Restatement of Academy Policy -- 15 The Years Between the Wars -- ALFRED NEWTON RICHARDS (1947-1950) -- The Loyalty Issue.

Establishment of the National Science Foundation -- The Pacific Science Board -- The Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission -- A New Look at Oceanography -- An Academy Role in International Science Policy -- A Break with Precedent -- 16 The Academy in the Fifties - Beginnings of the Space Age -- DETLEV WULF BRONK (1950-1962) -- New Relationships Between the Academy and the Research Council -- Broadened Range of NAS-NRC Activities -- The Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation (The BEAR Committees) -- Disposal of Atomic Wastes in the Oceans -- The AD-X2 Controversy -- The Impact of the Cold War -- The International Geophysical Year -- Project Mohole -- The Challenge of the Space Age -- 17 Academy Centennial -- FREDERICK SEITZ (1962-1969) -- The National Academy of Engineering -- Committee on Science and Public Policy -- Innovations of the Kennedy Years -- Space Science, Earth Science -- Big Science, Little Science -- The Centennial Celebration -- A Summing-Up -- Appendix A Act of Incorporation: National Academy of Sciences -- AMENDMENTS -- Appendix B Minutes of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences at the Meeting Held for Organization in the... -- 8 O'CLOCK P. M. APRIL 22ND, 1863 -- THURSDAY APRIL 23D, 10 A. M. -- FRIDAY 10 A. M. APRIL 24TH -- Class A. Mathematics & Physics -- Class B. Natural History -- Appendix C Constitution and By-Laws of the National Academy of Sciences, Adopted January 1864 -- PREAMBLE -- Article I.-Of Members -- Article II.-Of the Officers -- Article III.-Of the Meetings -- Article IV.-Of Elections, Regulations and Expulsions -- Article V.-Of Scientific Communications, Publications and Reports -- Article VI.-Of the Property of the Academy -- Article VII.-Of Additions and Amendments -- BY-LAWS -- Of the Officers -- Of the Meetings -- Of Elections and Obituaries -- Of Scientific Communications, Publications and Reports.

Of the Property of the Academy -- Of Changes in the By-Laws -- Appendix D Members and Foreign Associates of the National Academy of Sciences, 1863-1963, and Year of Election -- MEMBERS -- Foreign Associates -- Appendix E Officers and Members of the Council of the National Academy of Sciences, 1863-1963 -- OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 1863-1963 -- Officers -- MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 1863- 1963 -- Appendix F Executive Orders Defining the Duties and Functions of the National Research Council -- EXECUTIVE ORDER -- EXECUTIVE ORDER -- Amendment of Executive Order No. 2859 of May 11, 1918, Relating to the National Research Council -- Appendix G Chairmen of the National Research Council -- Appendix H Executive Secretaries and Executive Officers of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council -- Appendix I Executive Orders Relating to the Science Advisory Board: Establishment, July 31, 1933 -- Appointment of... -- EXECUTIVE ORDER -- Establishment of Science Advisory Board Under the National Research Council -- EXECUTIVE ORDER -- Appointment of Additional Members to the Science Advisory Board -- EXECUTIVE ORDER -- Continuation of Science Advisory Board Under the National Research Council -- Name Index -- Subject Index.