Japan's Growing Technological Capability -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Japan's Growing Technological Capability and Implications for the U.S. Economy: an Overview -- CONTEXT -- ASSESSMENTS OF U.S. AND JAPANESE TECHNOLOGICAL STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES -- ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND IMPLICATIONS -- FUTURE OF COMPETITION -- POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- I ASSESSMENTS OF U.S. AND JAPANESE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES -- Technology Assessment in the U.S.-Japan Context -- INTRODUCTION -- JAPANESE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES -- METHODOLOGY OF ASSESSMENTS -- LESSONS LEARNED -- JOINT VENTURES -- LICENSING-JAPANESE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO THE UNITED STATES -- What Can We Learn from Technology Assessment? -- EXPECTATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT? -- ILLUSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT -- TECHNICAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT -- Assessment of Product Performance -- Assessment of Production Processes -- Research and Development Potential -- Infrastructure -- Problems Associated with Methodology -- OUTLINE OF THE TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT PROJECT CONDUCTED BY MITI FOR THE WHITE PAPER ON INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY (1988) -- OBJECTIVES OF THE ONGOING SURVEY FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE NEXT WHITE PAPER ON INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY -- POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- Accessing Japanese Technology: Experiences of a U.S.-Based Company -- INTRODUCTION -- OVERALL CHARACTERIZATION OF JAPANESE TECHNOLOGY -- LOCATION AND EVALUATION -- GETTING ACCESS -- CONCERNS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Studies of Japanese Technology: An Effort with Diminishing Returns? -- THE DECLINE OF U.S. HIGH TECHNOLOGY MANUFACTURING -- THE RISE OF STUDIES OF JAPANESE TECHNOLOGY -- SOME TECHNOLOGICAL HISTORY -- A VIEW OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT -- THE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ARGUMENT -- THE COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION PROCESSING ARGUMENTS -- THE ROLE OF RESEARCH AND THE ROLE OF INCREMENTALISM.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION -- II ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND IMPLICATIONS -- Technology, Productivity and the Competitiveness of U.S. and Japanese Industries -- INTRODUCTION -- PURCHASING POWER PARITIES -- RELATIVE PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS -- CONCLUSION -- Macroeconomic and Schumpetarian Features of Japanese Innovations in the 1980s -- TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, R&D AND INNOVATIONS -- SCHUMPETARIAN FEATURES OF JAPAN'S INNOVATIONS -- The Changing Place of Japan in the Global Scientific and Technological Enterprise -- INTRODUCTION -- JAPAN'S CHANGING TECHNOLOGICAL POSITION, 1960-1990 -- U.S. FIRMS' GROWING LINKS WITH THE JAPANESE R&D SYSTEM -- Foreign Patenting and R&D Activity in Japan -- Japanese R&D Activity in the United States -- "Strategic Alliances" Between Japanese and Foreign Firms -- CONCLUSION -- Implications of Japan's "Soft Crisis": Forcing New Directions for Japanese Electronics Companies -- INTRODUCTION -- PROBLEMS CONFRONTING THE JAPANESE SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INDUSTRY -- Description of the "Soft Crisis" -- Shortcomings of the Japanese Educational System -- RESPONSES OF JAPANESE FIRMS TO THE SOFT CRISIS -- IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES -- III THE FUTURE OF COMPETITION -- Japan's Unique Capability to Innovate: Technology Fusion and its International Implications -- JAPAN'S UNIQUE INNOVATION CAPABILITY -- Mechatronics: A Key to Japan's Industrial Strength in the Past -- Optoelectronics: An Emerging Capability -- Characterization: Technology Fusion -- NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR TECHNOLOGY FUSION -- Expected Technological Advances -- New Materials: Designed Materials -- Biotechnology: Rational Drug Design -- THE EMERGING TECHNO-PARADIGM -- Categories of Paradigm Shift -- Technology Fusion as an Underlying Trend -- NEW PARADIGM FOR POLICYMAKING -- Corporate Strategy: New Technical Alliances -- Government Policy: New Research Consortia.

Japan's Industrial Competitiveness and the Technological Capabilities of the Leading Japanese Firms -- NATIONAL SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION AND CHANGES IN TECHNOLOGICAL LEADERSHIP -- A MODEL OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, GROWTH AND COMPETITIVENESS -- TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND GROWTH IN THE LEADING JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL FIRMS -- SOME CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ON THE IMPLICATIONS FOR JAPAN'S FUTURE TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETITIVENESS -- Japanese Control of R&D Activities in the United States: Is This Cause for Concern? -- INTRODUCTION -- THE RISE IN JAPANESE CONTROL OF U.S. R&D -- JAPANESE-CONTROLLED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATES AND U.S. INTERESTS -- IV POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- Policy Implications of Japan's Growing Technological Capabilities: Framing the Issues -- CONVERGENCE -- SLOW GROWTH IN THE UNITED STATES -- THE ''STRATEGIC" INDUSTRY CONCEPT -- THE INDUSTRIAL POLICY DISPUTE -- INTERNATIONALIZATION OF BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY -- Policy Implications for the United States: Comments -- Comments on Policy Implications -- INTRODUCTION -- THE U.S. ECONOMY -- WHY THIS CHANGE FROM THE 1950S? -- WHAT TO DO? -- LEARNING FROM OTHERS -- WHAT ABOUT JAPAN? -- U.S.-JAPAN RELATIONS -- CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIXES -- A Contributing Authors -- B Conference on Japan's Growing Technological Capability: Implications for the U.S. Economy.