Assessing Changing Food Consumption Patterns -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction -- Characteristics of a System for Measuring Food Consumption Patterns -- Relating Food Consumption Data and Nutritional Status Data -- The Proposed System -- FOOD INTAKE OF INDIVIDUALS-SUBSYSTEM I -- Measurement of Food Intake -- Sampling -- Data Base Requirements -- Coding and Data Analysis -- HEALTH STATUS INDICATOR DATA-SUBSYSTEM II -- AGGREGATE FOOD DATA-SUBSYSTEM III -- IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TOTAL SYSTEM -- Some Study Design Characteristics -- DIETARY METHODOLOGY -- ESTIMATION OF USUAL INTAKES -- ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS -- RELATIONSHIP OF FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS TO HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS -- Data Base Requirements -- FOOD COMPOSITION DATA -- Coding System -- Nutrient Requirement Estimates -- AGGREGATE DATA -- HEALTH STATUS DATA BASES -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX A Background Papers for Workshop on Methods for the Collection of Aggregate Data on Food Consumption -- THE FOOD SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW -- DATA FOR PRICE ANALYSIS -- THE 1938 AGRICULTURAL LAW -- HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION SURVEYS -- FOOD DIARIES -- PREOCCUPATION WITH WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTION DATA -- INSTITUTIONAL FOOD CONSUMPTION -- REID, BURK, STIEBLING, AND OMAR KHAYAM -- MEASUREMENT AND FORECASTING OF FOOD CONSUMPTION BY USDA -- INTRODUCTION -- THE SYSTEM FOR MEASURING CONSUMPTION -- THE DATA-SOURCES AND QUALITY -- NUTRITIVE VALUE OF THE FOOD SUPPLY -- EXPENDITURES -- FORECASTING -- DETERMINANTS OF CONSUMPTION AND DEMAND -- Sources of Change, 1954-76 -- Highly Processed Foods -- DATA GAPS -- Stocks -- Expenditures -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Aggregate Measures of Food Consumption -- A.C.NIELSEN COMPANY SERVICES -- APPENDIX B Background Papers for Workshop on Evaluation of Methods for Obtaining Food Consumption Data -- DIETARY METHODOLOGY.

STATE OF THE ART -- DIETARY STATUS, NOT NUTRITIONAL STATUS -- AREAS IN WHICH WORK IS STILL NEEDED -- WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED -- DECISIONS TO BE MADE -- NECESSITY FOR PRETESTING METHODOLOGY -- TYPES OF METHODS AVAILABLE -- Household or Institution Methods -- Individual Methods -- FACTORS INVOLVED IN CHOICE OF METHODS OR STATE OF THE ART WITH REGARD TO EACH METHOD -- Food Accounts -- Food Records -- Food List or List Recall -- INDIVIDUAL METHODS -- Recall -- Records (Estimated) -- Dietary History -- FOOD FREQUENCY METHOD FOR RECALL OR PAST FOOD INTAKE -- WEIGHED RECORD METHOD -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY -- MAIL DIARY METHOD FOR COLLECTING FOOD PURCHASING AND FOOD USAGE INFORMATION FROM CONSUMER PANELS -- INTRODUCTION -- THE NATIONAL CONSUMER PANEL -- Objectives -- Sample Design and Maintenance -- Compensation -- Weekly Diaries and Other Questionnaires -- Data Transcription and Editing -- Reports -- Validity and Accuracy of the Data -- THE NATIONAL HOUSEHOLD MENU CENSUS SERVICE -- Objectives -- Sample Design, Recruiting, Training, Daily Diary and Other Forms, Compensation -- Transcription, Editing, and Processing -- Reports -- Validity, Completeness, Accuracy, and Biases in the Data -- Correlation Between Food Purchase and Usage by Menu Census Households -- COLLECTING DATA ON AMERICAN FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE -- INTRODUCTION -- ANTHROPOLOGY IN NUTRITION -- FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD CONSUMPTION -- What Is A Food? -- Choice and Availability of Food in the Family -- METHODS -- Identifying Biases -- Defining Research Boundaries -- Some Minor Points -- Techniques Used by Anthropologists -- A Possible Approach to the Collection of Food Consumption Data -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN INTAKE OF NUTRIENTS BY DAY, MONTH, AND SEASON AND RELATION TO MEAL PATTERNS: IMPLICATIONS FOR... -- SUBJECTS.

METHODS -- General Data Collection -- METHODS USED TO EVALUATE METHODOLOGY AND VARIATION -- To Examine Variation Over Time -- To Examine Variation in Meal Patterns -- Methods to Develop Multiple Regression Equations to Predict Dietary Intake -- METHODOLOGY FOR REGRESSION EQUATIONS -- Methods for Collecting Diet History -- Meal Patterns -- RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF DATA -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- DIARY-INTERVIEW TECHNIQUE TO ASSESS FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS OF INDIVIDUAL MILITARY PERSONNEL -- REFERENCES -- POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR DATA COLLECTION ON FOOD CONSUMPTION AND EXPENDITURES -- INTERMITTENT PANELS -- UNIVERSAL PRODUCT CODES -- AUTOMATED CHECKOUT INFORMATION -- PORTABLE TAPE RECORDERS -- DIARY CHECKING PROCEDURE -- WASTAGE -- MEALS EATEN OUT -- INDICATOR FOODS -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX C Background Papers for Workshop on Nutrition and Health Status Indicators -- CAN NUTRITIONAL STATUS BE DETERMINED FROM FOOD CONSUMPTION OR OTHER MEASURES? -- APPRAISAL METHODS -- COMPARISON OF DIETARY INTAKE METHODS -- Central America, INCAP-ICNND Survey -- Examples of Use of Data-Central America Nutrition Surveys, 1965-67 -- Bangladesh Nutrition Survey-Correlation of Diet and Biochemical Assessment -- Ecuador-ICNND Nutrition Survey -- DIETARY METHODS IN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY -- RELATING FOOD INTAKE, DEMOGRAPHIC, ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR DATA TO MEASURES OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS -- REFERENCES -- METHODS OF RELATING FOOD CONSUMPTION TO NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND HEALTH: DIETARY METHODOLOGY -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL METHODS -- CARDIOVASCULAR METHOD -- CANCER METHODS -- DIABETES METHODS -- OBESITY -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- ANTHROPOMETRY AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS -- ANTHROPOMETRY AS AN INDICATOR OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS -- The Advantages of Anthropometry -- The Limitations of Anthropometry.

Advantages and Limitations: One and the Same -- The Rationale for Nutritional Anthropometry -- The Measurement of Growth -- The Measurement of Body Composition -- NUTRITIONAL ANTHROPOMETRY-A MINIMUM LIST -- Reference Standards -- THE VALIDITY OF NUTRITIONAL ANTHROPOMETRY -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- RELATION OF NUTRITIONAL ANEMIAS TO FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA -- FOLATE-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA -- VITAMIN B12 -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX D Participants and Observers -- WORKSHOP ON METHODS FOR THE COLLECTION OF AGGREGATE DATA ON FOOD CONSUMPTION -- PARTICIPANTS -- WORKSHOP ON EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR OBTAINING FOOD CONSUMPTION DATA -- PARTICIPANTS -- OBSERVERS -- WORKSHOP ON NUTRITION AND HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS -- PARTICIPANTS.