Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area -- Copyright -- Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area -- Preface And Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Brucellosis In The Greater Yellowstone Area -- Executive Summary -- CHARACTERIZATION OF BRUCELLOSIS INFECTION -- DETECTION OF BRUCELLOSIS -- RISK OF TRANSMISSION -- REDUCING THE RISK OF TRANSMISSION -- BRUCELLOSIS IN THE GREATER YELLOWSTONE AREA -- Introduction -- BACKGROUND -- STRUCTURE OF THIS STUDY -- I The Disease And Transmission -- BISON AND CATTLE -- B. ABORTUS INFECTION AND TRANSMISSION -- Persistence in Pregnancy -- Periodic Bacteremia in Chronic Infection -- Transmission to Scavengers and Predators -- Shedding in Mammary Glands and Milk -- Shedding in Feces -- INFECTION IN MALES -- DETECTING INFECTED ANIMALS -- Serology -- The False-Negative Serologic Test -- The False-Positive Serologic Test -- Bacterial Culture -- Correlation of Serology with Bacterial Culture -- Immunity -- LIKELIHOOD OF INFECTIOUSNESS -- MINIMUM INFECTIOUS DOSE -- TRUE PREVALENCE OF B. ABORTUS IN GYA BISON AND ELK -- Bison -- Elk -- Infection in Other Mammals in the GYA -- Canids -- Moose -- Horse -- Bear, Deer, and Other Big Game -- II Transmission Among and Between Species -- BISON, ELK, AND CATTLE -- EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE OF TRANSMISSION FROM WILDLIFE TO CATTLE -- BISON AND ELK BEHAVIOR AND TRANSMISSION -- TRANSMISSION BY OTHER SPECIES OF UNGULATES -- POTENTIAL ROLE OF CARNIVORES IN TRANSMISSION -- ROLE OF OTHER WILDLIFE SPECIES -- BISON MOVEMENT OUT OF YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK -- Weather and Bison -- Natural Regulation in YNP Bison -- Influences of Plowing and Grooming Snow -- BISON IN GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK AND THE NATIONAL ELK REFUGE -- ELK IN THE GREATER YELLOWSTONE AREA -- Northern Elk Herd Movements Out of Yellowstone National Park -- Other Elk Herds in the GYA -- EFFECTS ON REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL.

RISK OF TRANSMISSION -- Bison to Cattle -- Elk to Cattle -- Elk to Bison -- Bison to Elk -- Elk as a Reinfection Pathway for Bison -- Other GYA Wildlife to Cattle -- Transmission to Humans in the GYA -- OTHER SPECIES OF BRUCELLA AND BRUCELLOSIS IN WILDLIFE -- III Vaccines -- EXISTING VACCINES -- Strain 19 -- S19 in Bison -- S19 in Elk -- Strain RB51 -- Other Vaccines -- EFFICACY -- Strain Survival -- Route -- Parenteral Injection -- Biobullet -- Oral -- Dose -- Age -- Other Factors to Consider -- Duration of Immunity -- Serologic Responses -- BIOSAFETY OF VACCINES -- Clinical Signs of Disease -- Bacteria in Body Secretions -- Bacteria in the Bloodstream -- Persistence in Regional Lymph Nodes -- Immune Response -- Absence of Inflammation or Chronic Tissue Injury -- Capacity to Induce Abortion -- Experimental Recrudescence -- Genetic Stability -- VACCINATION PROGRAM SUCCESS -- IV Reducing The Risk Of Transmission From Wildlife To Cattle -- PREVIOUS BISON-VACCINATION PROGRAMS IN NATIONAL AND STATE PARKS -- APPROACHES TO CONTROLLING OR ELIMINATING BRUCELLOSIS IN YNP -- FIELD DELIVERY OF A VACCINATION PROGRAM FOR YNP BISON -- Vaccine Delivery in Food or via Injection -- Venereal Immunization -- VACCINATION OF CATTLE -- LIMITING CATTLE NEAR PARK BORDERS TO STEERS -- EFFECTS OF TEST-AND-SLAUGHTER PROGRAMS ON GENETIC DIVERSITY -- NATURAL REGULATION AND BRUCELLOSIS CONTROL -- ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT -- References -- Appendix A Questions Addressed by the NRC Study -- Appendix B -- DRAFT AGENDA 24-25 JULY 1997 ROOM 108, REID HALL BOZEMAN, MT -- AGENDA 4 AUGUST 1997 NATIONAL MUSEUM OF WILDLIFE ART JACKSON, WYOMING -- EVALUATION OF BRUCELLA ABORTUS VACCINE STRAIN RB51 IN BISON -- Introduction -- Host -- Organism -- Disease -- Problem -- Vaccine strain -- Materials and Methods -- Animals -- Vaccine -- Dose -- Experimental Design -- Tissue collection.

Bacterial culture -- Serology -- Results -- Culture data -- Results -- Serology Data -- Results -- Fetal Pathogenesis -- Future Studies -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- EVALUATION OF THE VACCINE EFFICACY OF RB51 ADMINISTERED ORALLY IN ELK -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- ISSUES IN VACCINATION FOR BRUCELLOSIS -- ORAL RB51 VACCINATION OF ELK: TISSUE COLONIZATION AND IMMUNE RESPONSE -- Methods -- Results (preliminary) -- Conclusions (preliminary) -- RB51 VACCINATION OF ELK: SAFETY AND EFFICACY -- Methods -- Results (preliminary) -- Conclusions (preliminary) -- BRUCELLOSIS IN THE GREATER YELLOWSTONE AREA: WHAT IS THE PROBLEM? -- Some Observations -- SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF EXISTING VACCINES TO PREVENT BRUCELLOSIS IN BISON -- REFERENCES -- LESIONS AND SITES OF TISSUE LOCALIZATION OF BRUCELLA ABORTUS IN FEMALE BISON FROM YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK: PRELIMINARY… -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- REFERENCES -- Appendix C Other Diseases In Gya Wildlife -- BACTERIAL DISEASES -- Tuberculosis -- Paratuberculosis -- Leptospirosis -- Anthrax -- Other Granulomatous Bacterial Diseases -- Yersiniosis -- Pasteurellosis -- Vulgovaginitis -- Parasitic Diseases -- Lungworms -- Ostertagiasis -- Scabies -- Viral Diseases.