Work and Family -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Summary -- CONSEQUENCES FOR FAMILIES AND FOR WORKPLACES -- CONCLUSIONS -- Terms of Employment -- Direct Provision of Services -- Program Implementation and Dissemination -- Data Collection and Research -- 1 Introduction -- FOCUS OF THE STUDY -- Constraints -- Framework -- Who Decides? -- Voluntary Benefits -- Collective Bargaining -- Government Actions -- Who Provides the Programs? -- Who Pays? -- THE BROADER CONTEXT -- Economic Security -- Equal Opportunity -- Dependent Care -- Health Care -- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- 2 The Family and The Workplace -- CHANGING FAMILIES -- Preindustrial Economies -- Industrial Economies -- THE CHANGING WORKPLACE -- The Modern Era Through World War II -- Post World War II -- Related Developments -- EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS -- Sex, Race, and Education -- Family Status -- Single Earners -- Dual Earners -- Occupation -- Industry and Unionization -- Explanations for Race and Sex Differences -- Unemployment -- FUTURE EMPLOYMENT TRENDS -- CONCLUSIONS -- 3 Linkages Between Work and Family -- EFFECTS OF WORK ON FAMILY -- Income and Identity -- Health -- Marital Satisfaction -- Children's Well-Being -- Other Dependents -- Minority Families -- Work Characteristics -- Schedules -- Job Demands -- Employer Support -- EFFECTS OF FAMILY ON WORK -- Labor Force Participation -- Absenteeism and Tardiness -- Other Effects on Work -- CONCLUSIONS -- 4 How Adults Cope: Dependent Care -- CARE FOR THE ELDERLY -- Types of Care -- Nursing Home Care -- Paid Home and Community Care -- Unpaid Home Care -- CARE FOR CHILDREN -- Types of Child Care -- Care by Parents -- Relative and Nanny Care -- Family Day Care -- Center Care -- Child Care Availability and Need -- Costs of Child Care -- Quality of Child Care -- CARE FOR THE WORKING-AGE DISABLED -- CONCLUSIONS.

5 Standard Employee Benefits -- EVOLUTION OF NONWAGE BENEFITS -- BENEFITS ESTABLISHED BY LAW -- Federal Programs -- State Programs -- VOLUNTARY BENEFITS -- Pension Plans -- Health Insurance -- Disability Insurance -- Life Insurance -- Paid Time Off -- COVERAGE AMONG WORKERS -- Health Insurance Coverage -- Cost, Availability, and Participation -- The Uninsured -- Paid Time Off -- CONCLUSIONS -- 6 New Family-Related Benefits -- EMPLOYER-SPONSORED PROGRAMS -- Paid and Unpaid Leave -- Scope of the Problem -- Impact on Employers -- Alternative Schedules and Locations -- Part-Time Work -- Flexible Schedules -- Alternative Locations -- Legal Constraints -- Family Support Services -- Dependent Care -- Resource and Referral Services -- Counseling -- Other Family-Oriented Policies -- Flexible Benefit Programs -- EMPLOYERS WHO PROVIDE BENEFITS -- Employer Size -- Industry and Occupation -- Women Employees -- Unionization -- Workplace Culture -- Business Conditions -- NEW GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS -- Tax Credits and Incentives -- Employer-Based Tax Incentives -- Proposed Legislative Initiatives -- Equal Employment Opportunity and Family Leave -- Policies for the Working Poor -- CONCLUSIONS -- 7 Family-Oriented Programs in Other Countries -- PERSPECTIVES ON SOCIAL POLICY -- Social Insurance Provisions -- Social Welfare Expenditures -- PROGRAMS ESTABLISHED BY LAW -- Holidays and Vacations -- Maternity and Family Leaves -- VOLUNTARY PROGRAMS -- Part-Time Work -- Alternative Work Schedules -- Alternative Work Sites -- GOVERNMENT CHILD CARE PROGRAMS -- ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND QUALITY OF LIFE -- Economic Performance -- Quality of Life -- CONCLUSIONS -- 8 Findings and Conclusions -- GENERAL FINDINGS -- Consequences for Families -- Consequences for Workplaces -- CONCLUSIONS -- Terms of Employment -- Leave Policy -- Part-Time Work -- Flexible Schedules -- Flexible Locations.

Direct Provision of Services -- Information and Counseling -- Dependent Care -- Health Insurance -- Flexible Benefits -- Program Development, Implementation, and Dissemination -- Data Collection and Research -- ALTERNATIVE PUBLIC POLICIES -- SUMMARY -- References -- Appendix A Background Materials -- PAPERS -- Family Perspectives -- Employer and Union Initiatives -- International Comparisons -- EXPERTS IN RELATED AREAS -- Appendix B Data Needs and Research Agenda -- DATA NEEDS -- Data on Individuals and Families -- Establishment-Level Data -- A RESEARCH AGENDA -- Impact of Employment on Families -- Impact of Families on Work Performance -- Costs of Employer Programs -- SUMMARY -- Appendix C Biographical Sketches -- Index.