Hierarchical Structures in Biology as a Guide for New Materials Technology -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Abstract -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- SCIENTIFIC OPPORTUNITIES -- Synthetic Methodology -- Cellular Synthesis Of Materials -- Rigid Structural Composites -- Adhesives And Interfaces -- Soft-Tissue Based Materials -- Control of Size and Shape (Assembly, Self-Assembly) -- TECHNOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES -- Biomedical Materials -- Improved Membranes and Membrane-Based Devices -- Smart Materials -- Functionally Gradient Materials -- Design and Assembly of Complex Composite Parts -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Natural Hierarchical Materials -- RECURRENT USE OF MOLECULAR CONSTITUENTS -- Case Study-Tendon -- CONTROLLED ORIENTATION -- Case Study-Wood -- DURABLE INTERFACES BETWEEN HARD AND SOFT MATERIALS -- Case Study-Mollusk Shell Nacre (Mother Of Pearl) -- THE ROLE OF WATER -- Case Study-Articular Cartilage -- PROPERTY VARIATION IN RESPONSE TO CHANGING PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS -- Case Study-Shark Skin -- FATIGUE RESISTANCE AND SELF-REPAIR -- Case Study-Cell Membranes And Soft Tissues -- SHAPE CONTROL -- 3 Synthetic Hierarchical Systems -- INTRODUCTION -- ONE-DIMENSIONAL HIERARCHY -- Polymeric Fibers -- Carbon Fibers -- TWO-DIMENSIONAL HIERARCHY -- THREE-DIMENSIONAL HIERARCHY -- Metallic Composites -- Textile-Based Structural Composites -- Tires -- Adhesives and Interfaces -- ADJUSTABLE VARIABLES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF SYNTHETIC MATERIALS -- Design and Analysis of Synthetic Composite Systems -- Mechanical Behavior Of Rigid Composite Materials -- Elastic Response Of Rigid Composite Materials -- Toughening Mechanisms for Rigid Composites -- Strength Properties of Rigid Composites -- 4 Fabrication Of Hierarchical Systems -- SYNTHETIC PROCESSING -- Fiber Processing.

Multilayer Processing -- Injection Molding -- Three-Dimensional Manufacturing -- BIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED PROCESSING -- Macromolecular Synthesis -- Biosynthetic Routes to New Polymeric Materials -- Processing of Biological Polymers -- Structural Polysaccharide: Chitin, Chitosan, and Celluose -- Self Assembly -- Vesicle Mediated Multicomponent Processing -- Cell Seeding -- 5 Conclusions And Recommendations: Scientific And Technological Opportunities -- MATERIALS -- PROCESSING -- DESIGN AND ANALYSIS -- SCIENTIFIC OPPORTUNITIES -- Synthetic Methodology -- Cellular Synthesis of Materials -- Rigid Structural Composites -- Adhesives and Interfaces -- Soft-Tissue-Based Materials -- Control of Size and Shape (Assembly, Self-Assembly) -- TECHNOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES -- Biomedical Materials -- Improved Membranes and Membrane-Based Devices -- Smart Materials -- Functionally Gradient Materials -- Design and Assembly of Complex Composite Parts -- References -- Appendix A Glossary Of Terms -- Appendix B Biographical Sketches Of Committee Members.