Status and Applications of Diamond and Diamond-Like Materials: An Emerging Technology -- Copyright -- Abstract -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Conclusion 1 -- Recommendation -- Conclusion 2 -- Recommendation -- Conclusion 3 -- Recommendation -- Conclusion 4 -- Recommendation -- 1 Introduction -- SCOPE -- NOMENCLATURE -- BACKGROUND -- Hitch-Pressure Synthesis of Diamond and Cubic BN -- Metastable Diamond Growth -- VAPOR GROWTH OF DIAMOND -- DIAMOND-LIKE MATERIALS -- APPLICATIONS -- Applications of Diamond -- Applications of Cubic BN, SiC, and Other Materials -- Applications of Diamond-Like Materials -- INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES -- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ISSUES -- REFERENCES -- 2 Growth Processes -- GENERIC AND FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES -- HIGH-PRESSURE, HIGH-TEMPERATURE PROCESSES -- Materials Growth Processes -- Direct Conversion -- Static or Indirect Process -- Cubic BN Chemistry -- Control of Crystal Size -- Growth of Large Crystals -- Control of Crystal Shape -- Diamond -- Cubic BN -- Control of Chemistry, Doping, and Impurities -- Diamond -- Cubic BN -- Pressure-Sintered Material -- CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION PROCESSES -- Plasma-Enhanced Processes -- Nonplasma Processes -- Key to References: -- Hybrid Processes -- Key to References: -- Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) Growth -- Critical CVD Growth Parameters -- Substrates and Their Preparation -- Substrate Temperature -- Gases and Gas Composition -- Gas Flow Rate and Pressure -- Additions to Gas -- Position of Substrate -- Parameters Specific to Individual Processes -- Size of Substrates -- Electric and Magnetic Field Effects -- Fundamental Issues in CVD Processes -- Nucleation -- Growth Mechanisms -- Impurities -- Defects -- Morphology -- PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION PROCESSES -- Basic Processes -- Key to References:.

Critical Growth Parameters -- Substrates and Film Nucleation -- Deposition Pressure -- Ion Energy Considerations -- Size of Substrates -- Fundamental Issues in PVD Processes -- Growth Mechanisms -- Microstructure -- OTHER DEPOSITION PROCESSES -- OTHER SUPERHARD MATERIALS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Characterization Techniques Relevant to Superhard Materials -- STRUCTURE STUDIES -- Surface Characterization -- Geometric Structure -- Electronic Structure -- Chemical Composition -- Dynamic Processes -- Molecular Modeling -- ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION -- FUNDAMENTAL MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS -- Scratch and, Hardness Tests -- THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY -- ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION -- References -- 4 Applications -- MECHANICAL APPLICATIONS -- Bearings and Journals: Coatings and Monolithic -- Barrier Coatings -- Cutting Tools: Drills, Bits, Cutters, Saw, Blades -- Surgical Blades and Microtomes -- Knives and Cutting Blades -- Abrasives -- Medical Implants -- Additional Technological Impacts -- ELECTRONICS -- High-Power Transistors -- High-Performance (Rapid-Response) Transistors -- High-Temperature Transistors -- Radiation-Hard Transistors -- High-Voltage Electronics -- Reliable Electronics -- Negative Electron Affinity Cathodes -- Electrical Insulators -- Heat Conductors -- X-Ray Masks for Advance Projection Photolithography -- Direct-Write Microelectronics -- Magnetic Disks and Read-Write Heads -- Additional Technological Impacts -- OPTICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS -- Monolithic Windows and Lenses -- X-Ray Windows -- Mirror Substrates -- Heat Conductors -- Optical Emitters, Lasers, And Light-Emitting Diodes -- Optically Activated Electronic Switches -- Ultraviolet Solar-Blind Detectors -- Optical Waveguides -- Fiber Optic Coating -- Optical Coatings -- High-Power Laser Mirrors -- Protective Coatings -- Antireflection Coatings -- Additional Technological Impacts.

REFERENCES -- 5 Research and Development Issues and Opportunities -- GROWTH PROCESSES -- CVD Growth -- PVD Growth -- MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION -- APPLICATIONS -- BEYOND DIAMOND: OTHER MATERIALS AND ISSUES -- REFERENCES -- Appendix.