Space Science in the Twenty-first Century: Imperatives for the Decades 1995 to 2015 -- Copyright -- Foreword -- Contents -- 1 Introduction and Summary -- THE IMPORTANCE OF ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION IN ASTROPHYSICAL PROGRESS -- ASTROPHYSICAL GOALS -- THE NEXT GENERATION OF POWERFUL OBSERVATORIES IN SPACE -- 2 Science Objectives -- INTRODUCTION -- BASIC ASTROPHYSICAL QUESTIONS -- The Early Universe, Unidentified Matter, and the Origin of Galaxies -- The Physics of Collapse and Strong Fields -- The Formation of Stars, Planets, and Life -- RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER DISCIPLINES OF SPACE SCIENCE -- 3 Astronomy and Astrophysics in 1995: Expected Status -- OVERVIEW -- RADIO ASTRONOMY -- INFRARED AND SUBMILLIMETER ASTRONOMY -- ULTRAVIOLET AND OPTICAL WAVELENGTHS -- X-RAY ASTRONOMY -- GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY -- COSMIC-RAY ASTROPHYSICS -- Interplanetary Spacecraft -- Cosmic-Ray Composition Explorer -- Space Shuttle and Space Station -- Instrument Development -- GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS -- NASA OPERATIONAL STATUS -- INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS -- 4 New Initiatives -- THE WAY FORWARD -- HIGH-RESOLUTION INTERFEROMETRY -- Introduction -- Optical and Infrared Interferometric Arrays -- Extensions of Orbiting Radio VLBI -- Future Developments -- HIGH-THROUGHPUT INSTRUMENTS -- The Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) -- An 8-to 16-m Telescope for Ultraviolet, Optical, and Infrared Wavelengths -- Scientific Objectives for an 8-to 16-m Telescope -- Technological Developments -- VERY HIGH THROUGHPUT FACILITY (VHTF) -- HARD X-RAY IMAGING FACILITY (HXIF) -- GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY -- COSMIC-RAY RESEARCH -- Magnet Spectrometer for Particle Astrophysics (ASTROMAG) -- Interplanetary and Interstellar Measurements -- Large Detector Arrays in Space -- Experiments on Polar Platforms -- 5 Practical Considerations -- BUDGETARY REQUIREMENTS -- INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION -- COST-TO-WEIGHT RATIO.

MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS -- COORDINATED FACILITIES -- SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS TECHNOLOGY -- Interferometry -- Detectors and Techniques.